GARP II (1999). Final report <strong>of</strong> the Green Accounting Research Project II to the EuropeanCommission – DG XII, RTD Programme “Environment and Climate”, ContractENV4-CT96-0285, November 1999.Johnson, F.R., E.E. Fries and H.S. Banzhaf (1996). Valuing Morbidity: An Integration <strong>of</strong> theWillingness-to-Pay and Health Status Index Literatures. December 1996. Triangle EconomicResearch and Duke University.Loomis, J.B. (1992). “The evolution <strong>of</strong> a more rigorous approach to benefit transfer: Benefit functiontransfer”. Water Resources Research, 28 (3), 701-706.Loomis, J.B. and D.S. White (1996). “Economic benefits <strong>of</strong> rare and endangered species: summaryand meta-analysis”. Ecological Economics 18; 197-206.Magnussen, K. (1993). “Mini meta analysis <strong>of</strong> Norwegian water quality improvements valuationstudies. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo. Unpublished paper, 29 p.Navrud, S. (1993). “Economic value <strong>of</strong> biological diversity in Norway”. Scandinavian ForestEconomics, no. 34 (1993); 74-97.Navrud, S. and K. Veisten (1997). “Using contingent valuation and actual donations to bound the truewillingness-to-pay”. Presented at the seventh annual conference <strong>of</strong> the European Association <strong>of</strong>Environmental and Resource Economists, Lisbon, June 27-29 1996. Revised version May 1997.Navrud, S. and G.J. Pruckner (1997). “Environmental <strong>Valuation</strong> - To Use or Not to Use?” AComparative Study <strong>of</strong> the United States and Europe. Environmental and Resource Economics,10; 1-26.Navrud, S. (1992). Pricing the European Environment. Scandinavian University Press / OxfordUniversity Press, Oslo, Oxford, New York.Navrud, S. (1999). Pilot Project to assess Environmental <strong>Valuation</strong> Reference Inventory (EVRI) and toExpands Its Coverage to the EU. Report to the European Commission, DG XI – Environment.Report July 1, 1999.NOU (1997). “27: Cost.-Benefit Analysis- Principles for evaluation <strong>of</strong> public projects and policies”(In Norwegian). Norwegian Ministry <strong>of</strong> Finance, Oslo.NOU (1998). “16 Cost-Benefit Analysis – Guidelines for economic evaluation <strong>of</strong> public projects andpolicies” (in Norwegian). Norwegian Ministry <strong>of</strong> Finance, Oslo.<strong>OECD</strong> (1989). Environmental Policy <strong>Benefits</strong>: Monetary <strong>Valuation</strong>. Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (<strong>OECD</strong>), Paris, ISBN 92-64-13182-5.<strong>OECD</strong> (1994). Project and Policy Appraisal: Integrating Economics and Environment. Organisationfor Economic Co-operation and Development (<strong>OECD</strong>), Paris, ISBN 92-64-14107-3.75
<strong>OECD</strong> (1995). The Economic Appraisal <strong>of</strong> Environmental Projects and Policies. A Practical Guide.Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (<strong>OECD</strong>), Paris, ISBN92-64-14583-4.Pollack, R. and T. Wales (1987). “Pooling International Consumption Data”, Review <strong>of</strong> Economicsand Statistics, 69, 90-99.Ready, R., S. Navrud, B.Day, R. Doubourg, F. Machado, S. Mourato, F. Spanninks and M. X. V.Rodriquez ( ). “Benefit Transfer in Europe: Are Values Consistent Across Countries?” Paperpresented at the EVE Workshop on Benefit Transfer, Lillehammer, Norway, October 14-16,1999. EU Concerted Action “Environmental <strong>Valuation</strong> in Europe” (EVE).Rowe, R.D., C.M. Lang, L.G. Chestnut, D.A. Latimer, D.A. Rae, S.M. Bernow and D.E. White(1995). The New York Electricity Externality Study. Volumes I and II. Hagler BailleyConsulting, Inc., Oceana Publications Inc.Selvanathan, S. and E. Selvanathan (1993). “A Cross Country Analysis <strong>of</strong> Consumption Patterns”,Applied Economics 25, 1245-1259.Schipper, Y., P. Nijkamp and P. Rietveld (1998). “Why do aircraft noise value estimates differ?” Ameta-analysis. Journal <strong>of</strong> Air Transport Management 4; 117-124.Smith, V.K. (1992). “On separating defensible benefit transfers from smoke and mirrors.” WaterResources Research 28, (3) 685-694.Smith, V.K. and J.C. Huang (1993). “Hedonic models and air pollution. Twenty-five years andcounting”. Environmental and Resource Economics 3, 381-394.Smith, V.K. and Y. Karou (1990). “Signals or noise? Explaining the variation in recreation benefitestimates”. American Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Economics, 72 (2). 419-433.Smith, V.K. and L. Osborne (1996). “Do Contingent <strong>Valuation</strong> Estimates Pass a “scope” Test? A MetaAnalysis”. Journal <strong>of</strong> Environmental Economics and Management, 31 (3), 287-301.Stigler, G. and G. Becker (1977). De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum, American Economic Review, 67(2), 76-90.Sturtevant, L.A., Johnson, F.R. and W.H. Desvousges (1995). “A meta-analysis <strong>of</strong> recreationalfishing”. Triangle Economic Research, Durham, North Carolina, USA.Tamborra, M. (1999). “Towards a Green Accounting System for the European Union: theContribution <strong>of</strong> GARP II”. FEEM newsletter no. 2 1999 (November 1999); 16-18. FondazioneEni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milano, Italy.UNEP (1995). “Global <strong>Biodiversity</strong> Assessment”. (Chapter 12: Economic values <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biodiversity</strong>).United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-56481-6.76
- Page 1 and 2:
«ENVIRONMENTValuation ofBiodiversi
- Page 3 and 4:
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
- Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTSPART 1 ...........
- Page 7 and 8:
PART 4 ............................
- Page 10 and 11:
Why value biodiversity?There are th
- Page 12 and 13:
Figure 1.1 Total economic value: us
- Page 14 and 15:
from biodiversity at the local leve
- Page 16 and 17:
in the database and also for undert
- Page 18 and 19:
in the policy context. This is high
- Page 20: Table 1.3 Policy Options for the Cl
- Page 23 and 24: Box 1.2 Value of Turkey’s Forests
- Page 25 and 26: of the most important implications
- Page 27 and 28: Additionally, valuation does not ju
- Page 29 and 30: value is the habitat, many differen
- Page 31 and 32: are very modest. More recently, new
- Page 33 and 34: Table 2.2 Estimates of the Medicina
- Page 35 and 36: The importance of indirect use valu
- Page 37 and 38: pharmaceutical use, although the li
- Page 39 and 40: McAllister, D., (1991). Estimating
- Page 41 and 42: Simpson, D and Craft, A.. (1996).
- Page 43 and 44: practice, the overlap between these
- Page 45 and 46: aimed at giving more precise quanti
- Page 47 and 48: structural values. There are a numb
- Page 49 and 50: Reid (forthcoming) discusses the po
- Page 51 and 52: Ecotourism as a Way to Generate Loc
- Page 53 and 54: endangered Indian rhino and other t
- Page 55 and 56: ReferencesBann, C., and M. Clemens
- Page 57 and 58: PART 261
- Page 59 and 60: many European countries, CBA has a
- Page 61 and 62: (1) Cost and time constraintsThe co
- Page 63 and 64: activity day, there is greater vari
- Page 65 and 66: added independent variable C s= cha
- Page 67 and 68: error in valuing respiratory sympto
- Page 69: ReferencesArrow, K.J., R. Solow, E.
- Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 5:by José Manuel LIMA E SA
- Page 75 and 76: linkages usually lead to diverse co
- Page 77 and 78: A discrete choice approach to quest
- Page 79 and 80: Table 5.2 Model-based point estimat
- Page 81 and 82: is potentially very large for multi
- Page 83 and 84: P3 is already in the mix is 2.51, s
- Page 85 and 86: PART 391
- Page 87 and 88: measures of value. An appendix to t
- Page 89 and 90: features (such as parks, beaches or
- Page 91 and 92: included in cost-benefit analysis o
- Page 93 and 94: A Discussion of Past Efforts to Dev
- Page 95 and 96: Satellite AccountsIn addition to th
- Page 97 and 98: which many people argue are associa
- Page 99 and 100: approach to competing uses of water
- Page 101 and 102: Figure 6.2 Trade-Off AnalysisEnviro
- Page 103 and 104: However, the farmers need not bear
- Page 105 and 106: Appendix 1: Theory and Application
- Page 107 and 108: iwhere C is the income adjustment n
- Page 109 and 110: complete. If there are more than on
- Page 111 and 112: Horowitz, Joel. L. and Jordan. J. L
- Page 113 and 114: CHAPTER 7:by Dennis M. KING and Lis
- Page 115 and 116: Box 7.1 Definition of terms related
- Page 117 and 118: Box 7.2 Categories of Ecosystem Ser
- Page 119 and 120: Box 7.4 Dollar-based ecosystem valu
- Page 121 and 122:
Non-monetary indicators of ecosyste
- Page 123 and 124:
Figure 7.1 Effects of Wetland Locat
- Page 125 and 126:
description, and that the usefulnes
- Page 127 and 128:
2) Service capacity sub-indexIndica
- Page 129 and 130:
wetlands, for example, results in F
- Page 131 and 132:
(1) Functional CapacityIndexFigure
- Page 133 and 134:
constituents of runoff can be predi
- Page 135 and 136:
Service(on or off site)Recreational
- Page 137 and 138:
Table 7.3 Service Risk Sub-index De
- Page 139 and 140:
Measuring Service Preference Weight
- Page 141 and 142:
Table 7.4 Illustration of Paired Co
- Page 143 and 144:
PART 4151
- Page 145 and 146:
Ecological foundations for biodiver
- Page 147 and 148:
Phenotic diversity is a measure bas
- Page 149 and 150:
Operationalisation of the biotic-ri
- Page 151 and 152:
ten attributes that could score a m
- Page 153 and 154:
The choice of the scale relates to
- Page 155 and 156:
Nature measurement methodIn 1995, t
- Page 157 and 158:
Table 8.4 Value orientations and en
- Page 159 and 160:
Table 8.5 Identification of monetar
- Page 161 and 162:
Table 8.6 Valuation studiesSingle s
- Page 163 and 164:
in waterway systems for nine impact
- Page 165 and 166:
to other contexts, conditions, loca
- Page 167 and 168:
ReferencesAkcakaya, H.R. (1994).
- Page 169 and 170:
de Groot, R.S. (1994). “Environme
- Page 171 and 172:
Mace, G. M. & S. N. Stuart. (1994).
- Page 173 and 174:
Turner, R.K., Perrings, C. and Folk
- Page 175 and 176:
John A. DixonJohn A. Dixon is Lead
- Page 177 and 178:
Robert O’NeillDr. O’Neill recei
- Page 179 and 180:
Steven StewartSteven Stewart is Ass
- Page 181:
OECD PUBLICATIONS, 2, rue André-Pa