ISSUE 107 : Jul/Aug - 1994 - Australian Defence Force Journal

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22 AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE JOURNAL NO. 107 JULY/AUGUST 1994Figure 1A Comparison of the Queenscliff 92 Doctrine with the Existing Appreciation ProcesstfQUEENSCLIFF 92 DOCTRINE1SELECTION OF FACTORSFactors are selected as categories of information.All the information relevant to the aim must be ableto be expressed in terms of the factors. Existingguidance in tactical and operational appreciationsis still valid.tPRIORITISING FACTORSFactors are prioritised in terms of their importanceto the aim. The decisive factor in terms of the aim isselected first. Then all other factors are prioritised.1ANALYSING INFORMATIONThe decisive factor is wargamed against the aimreferring to all the information available: to identifykey deductions, and highlight information requiringfurther analysis, and to define any constraints orfreedoms affecting possible courses of action.All the information is then wargamed against eachof the other factors in turn. During this stage thecommander may wish to reconsider which is thedecisive factor.1IDENTIFYING COURSES OPENAfter all the factors have been wargamed the aim issubjected to a task analysis. The object of taskanalysis is to identify what must be done to achievethe aim. By linking these conclusions with thosefrom wargaming it will be possible to derive workablecourses of action.THE EXISTING PROCESS 1TREVIEW OF THE SITUATION1SELECTION OF THE AIM1SELECTION OF FACTORSFactors are selected from a list developed for militaryuse. More detailed guidance is provided forspecific tactical and operational appreciations.VPRIORITISING FACTORSFactors are arranged to ensure the logical considerationof the information. They can also be prioritisedas either overriding or pervasive.kANALYSING INFORMATIONThe information is distributed between the factors.Starting with the first factor each piece of informationis subjected to an exhaustive process of deductionin relation to the aim.l 1IDENTIFYING COURSES OPENCourses of action are considered as factors. Deductionsare drawn from the analysis of information.These deductions are crafted into courses of actionusing professional knowledge.i rSELECTION OF THE BEST COURSE1OUTLINE PLAN
APPRECIATING THE MILITARY PROBLEM 23using information one piece at a time, by "Wargaming".This allows us to apply the associativeability of our long term memory laterally to allthe known information in terms of each factor,analysing the decisive factor first. The objects ofwargaming are to:(1) quickly identify the key deductions linkingthe factor to the aim:(2) to identify key information (or informationgaps) which require further analysis; and(3) to define the constraints and freedoms affectingpossible courses of action; it alsoc. proposes a new technique to assist in the developmentof courses open, "Task Analysis" whichaims to identify what must be done to achieve theaim. using either enabling tasks or a time series oftasks. Courses open are developed from the overlapbetween the deductions of wargaming thefactors,, and the results of the task analysis of theaim.The Que e use I iff 92 Doctrine retains the advantagesof logical reasoning and the comprehensive analysisof information, inherent in the existing process. It providesgreater guidance to assist the understanding ofthe general appreciation process, whilst retaining thebenefits of the guidance already provided for specificoperational and tactical appreciations. The inefficientprocess of analysing information one piece at a timehas been replaced by the mind's associative ability todraw deductions from a large array of information.It also offers shortened forms, trading creativity fordoctrine when time is constrained.NOTES1. Nazareth. J., Dynamic Thinking for Military Command, TateMcGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1976. p.l 17.2. Detailed explanation lor these criteria is outlined in Part 1 ofthis article, ADFJ, previous issue.3. These definitions clarify current doctrine which is ambiguousin its use of the term "factor".4. The title does not imply that the doctrine is endorsed by theArmy Staff College at Fort Queenscliff, it merely nominatesthe location of its inception.5. Detailed explanation for these deficiencies can be found inPart I of this article.6. This term should not be confused with common usage at theInfantry Centre where a technique of wargaming is used toevaluate and optimise courses open.7. These examples are trivial and should not be used as a template.In operational terms, the decisive factor should includeconsideration of the centre of gravity of the problem.Editor'sNote:Part I of Appreciating the Military Problem appeared in the May/June issue of the Australian Defence Force Journal.If any reader has copies of theAUSTRALIAN ARMY JOURNAL 1949-1955that they no longer want,we would love to have them hack in our care.Issues most sought after are:Nos 2, 3. 6, 7, 9, 13. 14, 18, 20, 22. 25, 26. 28.30.31.35.42.43.56.57.60.61.
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