State of Management of South AfricaÃ¢â¬â¢s ... - WWF South Africa

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STATE OF MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREASbetween the Mzamba and Sikombe rivers and the proposed realignment of the N2 closer tothe coast which would increase accessibility to the MPA.ECPB manages a central section of the MPA between the Mtentu and Lupatana Rivers.Approximately half of this area lies adjacent to the Mkambati Nature Reserve. The offshorecomponent of this section of the MPA is entirely no-take, while there are two inshore no-takezones adjacent to the Mkambati Nature Reserve, extending between the Mtentu river mouthand Mgwegwe north, and between Mgwegwe south and the Msikaba river mouth. The tidalportions of the Mtentu and Msikaba estuaries are included in the MPA and are restrictedzones.The legal framework, MPA design and management planning components of this sectionapply to the MPA as a whole, while the management system section applies to the ECPBmanaged area of the MPA (with the exception of the monitoring system). Vuyani Mapiya(manager at Mkambati Nature Reserve) and Bruce Mann (ORI) were consulted.7.4.2 Legal frameworkMkambati MPA, which includes 11.5km of coastline, was proclaimed under the MLRA in2000 as an entirely no-take zone. It was de-proclaimed and then incorporated into thePondoland MPA which was proclaimed in 2004. The shoreline at Mgwegwe was opened tofishing activities due to the popularity of the area with tourists for recreational fishing. Theproclamation defines the boundaries and zones of the MPA and provides the followingobjectives for the MPA: Protect and conserve marine ecosystems and populations of marine species; Protect the reproductive capacity of commercially important species of fish, includingshellfish, rock lobster and traditional linefish and to allow their populations to recover; Promote eco-tourism within the Marine Protected AreaRegulations for fishing, scientific research, SCUBA diving and the use of vessels in the MPAare provided in the proclamation.7.4.3 MPA designMPA DESIGN (67%)The offshore component of the MPA was divided into three zones: controlled Zone One inthe north (offshore area between the Mzamba and Sikombe rivers), the Central RestrictedZone (offshore area between the Sikombe and Mboyti rivers), and controlled Zone Two in thesouth (offshore area between the Mboyti and Mzimvubu rivers). The offshore controlledzones created a buffer around the large central restricted zone.The inshore component consisted of four restricted zones which included the intertidal zoneand coastal waters to a depth of 10m (refer to figure 3.2). There was a lack of adequateconsultation with local Chiefs and fishers in the establishment of the inshore zones, andPg 114
STATE OF MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREASconsequently the local stakeholders were opposed to the current zonation (Sunde andIsaacs 2008).Critical areas for the maintenance of the ecological integrity of the MPA were incorporated inthe MPA but not all were afforded extra protection within restricted zones. The size andshape of the MPA and the design, consisting of a large core protection zone with bufferareas, was viewed as adequate to achieve conservation objectives.7.4.4 MPA Management PlanEXISTENCE OF PLAN, OBJECTIVES AND REGULATIONS (75%)A management plan was developed for the MPA in 2006 but ECPB were not involved in theplanning process and the plan was not fully implemented. An independent consultant incollaboration with WWF and ECPB Scientific Services and Conservation was in the processof revising the plan. The original plan reflected the objectives for the MPA provided in theproclamation and clearly indicated restricted and allowable activities in the MPA.PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND ADEQUACY (33%)Priorities were not clearly indicated and could be perceived differently. There were nospecific management actions prescribed in the plan and it did not facilitate resourceallocation adequately. The manager found few aspects of the plan useful for managementbut acknowledged that the plan was in the process of revision.SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS (33%)Some local stakeholders were not adequately involved in the compilation of the managementplan and the local culture and traditional practices were afforded little consideration in theplan itself.PLAN CONTEXT (54%)The plan did incorporate biophysical and socio-economic information, but to a limited extentand there was much scope for improvement. There was inadequate information regardingsocial conditions and resource use for planning purposes and further monitoring andresearch is still required in these areas. Information on biophysical conditions was partiallyadequate and an inventory of biological resources was formulated in 2003. No formal threatanalysis was conducted; however threats were identified and addressed in the plan.Pg 115
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