State of Management of South AfricaÃ¢â¬â¢s ... - WWF South Africa

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STATE OF MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREASEQUIPMENT (65%)There were no major deficiencies pointed out, however management did indicate that theyrequired another vessel, with all the necessary on board equipment, suitable for offshoreenforcement along Sixteen mile beach MPA. This assessment highlighted that the WCNPMPAs were currently lacking diving equipment, sufficient equipment for night patrols andsurveillance, and a laptop and cell phone for MPA management. There is a maintenanceschedule being implemented to a satisfactory standard.INFRASTRUCTURE (48%)The MPAs are open access areas with many access points that cannot be controlled andmonitored. The five public launch sites were not registered and the offices were in poorrepair. There is an education centre located close to the MPAs. Maintenance of the jettiesand offices needed to be improved and, at the suggestion of managers, new offices neededto be allocated.BUDGET (67%)The managers motivated the need for increased funding by highlighting the complexity of thesystem of MPAs, the number of threats and high level of resource use and recreationalactivities. An increased budget needed to be negotiated so to allow for additional staff andtraining and an increase in offshore compliance along sixteen mile beach. This was the thirdyear that funds had been allocated for the management of the WCNP MPAs. The funds forthe first year went mainly towards purchasing capital equipment; much of the second year’sfunds went into maintenance and the building of jetties; while the funds for this year hadbeen allocated mostly to maintenance and operations with some allocated to salaries, andcapital expenses.ProcessesBOUNDARY DEMARCATION (75%)The MPA boundaries and zone boundaries were legally defined and demarcated in the field.However the sign boards were old, and in some cases vandalised, and were in need ofreplacement.PATROL AND ENFORCEMENT (67%)Staff had the skills to enforce MPA rules however there were some deficiencies due to staffshortages (only 4 MPA dedicated, 17 of the staff do compliance and enforcement, but theMPAs are not their core function). Enforcement activities included daily foot and vehiclepatrols and boat patrols and slipway checks when there were many boats on the water.Pg 52
STATE OF MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREASThere was an increase in the number of patrols from 167 patrols in 2006/7 to 1167 patrols in2008/9 while the reported incidents (warnings and fines) were reduced from 271 to 144. Itwas indicated that the implementation of enforcement procedures had been somewhatlimited by poor levels of training, however this was expected to improve with theestablishment of the marine team consisting of trained and experienced individuals.MONITORING (63%)There was no comprehensive strategy for monitoring of management effectiveness andadaptive management within SANParks at WCNP. There was some sporadic monitoring ofresource conditions, inventories and use conducted through external programs; howeverthere was no system implemented to monitor social conditions. A large amount of researchhas been and is being conducted in the MPAs (currently 17 projects) and researchers doinform management of the need for actions or interventions.PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS (58%)There was an education programme that was being implemented. This is conducted by thePeople and Parks department and functions separately from MPA management. It focuseson educating scholars on various aspects of the WCNP including the MPAs, but this programdoes not reach the identified MPA stakeholders. There are brochures detailing recreationalactivity regulations (DEA brochure) available, but none specific to the MPA.INTERACTION WITH STAKEHOLDERS AND COMMUNITIES (50%)Managers indicated that SANParks considered positive relations with local communities ascritical and that efforts had been made to include them in management. The localcommunities’ tolerance of illegal activities in the MPA was viewed as low; however illegalactivities were not always reported to the authorities. There was mixed support for the MPAand its staff with some significant opposition where people’s livelihoods had been affected bythe MPA. There are some benefits from the MPA going to locals; however these are notdistributed equitably. Significant dissatisfaction had been expressed with the closure ofSixteen mile beach to shore angling and the zonation of the lagoon. Despite efforts to includeand engage all stakeholders, it was indicated that a minority could not engage adequately.The distribution of economic benefits to local communities is not equitable while recreationalbenefits were going mostly to visitors.There was limited communication between MPA management and stakeholders whichoccurred only through attendance of the park forums. Stakeholders, although invited, did notall attend the forum meetings and there were often problems in disseminating information,leading to time frustrations. In addition stakeholders were only consulted as need or occasionarose.Pg 53
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