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STATE OF MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREASReferences:Agardy, T.M. (1994) Advances in marine conservation: the role of marine protected areas. Trends ofEcology and Evolution, Vol.9. pg 267-270.Attwood, C.G., B.Q. Mann, J. Beaumont and J.M. Harris (1997) Review of the state of marineprotected areas in South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science Vol.18. pg.341-368Attwood C.L., C.L. Moloney, J. Stenton-Dozey, L.F. Jackson, A.E.F. Heydorn and T.A. Probyn (2000)Conservation of Marine Biodiversity in South Africa. Marine Biodiversity Status Report, March2000Ballantine, W.J. and T.J. Langlois (2008) Marine Reserves: the needs for systems Hydrobiologia. Vol.606. pg.35–44Beaumont, J. (1997) Community participation in the establishment and management of marineprotected areas: a review of selected international experience. South African Journal ofMarine Science. Vol.18 pg.333-340.Bewana, A. (2009) A re-assessment of the State of Marine Protected Areas Management in SouthAfrica. MSc: Conservation Biology. University of Cape Town.Charles, A., and L. Wilson (2009) Human dimensions of Marine Protected Areas. ICES Journal ofMarine Science, Vol.66. pg. 6–15.Christie, P., B.J. McCay, M.L. Miller, C. Lowe, A.T. White, R. Stoffle, D.L. Fluharty, L.T. McManus, R.Chuenpagdee, C. Pomeroy, D.O. Suman, B.G. Blount, D. Huppert, R.L.V. Eisma, E. Oracion,K. Lowry, R.B. Pollnac (2003) Toward developing a complete understanding: A social scienceresearch agenda for marine protected Areas. Fisheries. Vol. 28. No. 12. pg. 22-26Clark, C.W. (1996). Marine reserves and the precautionary management of fisheries. EcologicalApplications, Vol. 6. No. 2. pg.369 - 370.Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2006a) South Africa Environment Outlook. A reporton the state of the environment. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.371pp.Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2006b) South Africa’s Third National Report to theConvention on Biological DiversityDepartment of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2009) South Africa’s Fourth National Report to theConvention on Biological DiversityGell, F.R. and C.M. Roberts (2003) Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marinereserves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Vol. 18 No. 9. pg. 448-455Himes, A.H. (2007) Performance indicators in MPA management: Using questionnaires to analyzestakeholder preferences. Ocean & Coastal Management Vol. 50. pg.329-351.Hockey, P.A.R. and G.M. Branch (1997) Criteria, Objectives and Methodology for Evaluating MarineProtected Areas in South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science Vol.18. pg.369-383Pg 150
STATE OF MANAGEMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREASHockings, M., S. Stolton and N. Dudley (2000) Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for Assessingthe Management of Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UKIUCN (2004) Managing Marine Protected Areas: A Toolkit for the Western Indian Ocean. IUCNEastern African Regional Programme, Nairobi, KenyaIUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA) (2008) Establishing Marine ProtectedArea Networks—Making It Happen. Washington, D.C.: IUCN-WCPA, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration and The Nature Conservancy.Jameson, S.C., M.H. Tupper and J.M. Ridley (2002) The three screen doors: can marine ‘protected’areas be effective? Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol.44. pg. 1177-1183Kelleher, G. (1999) Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge,UK.Lemm, S. and C. Attwood (2003) State of Marine Protected Area Management in South Africa. WWF-SA. Cape TownLombard, A.T., T. Strauss, J. Harris, K. Sink, C. Attwood, and L. Hutchings (2004) South AfricanNational Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2004: Technical Report. Volume 4: MarineComponent. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute.Martin. K., M.A. Samoliys, A.K. Hurd, I. Meliane and C.G. Lundin (2006) Experiences in the use ofMarine Protected Areas with Fisheries Management Objectives – A Review of Case Studies.Produced for the FAO Expert Workshop on Marine Protected Areas and FisheriesManagement: Review of Issues and Considerations. FAO Fisheries Report No. 825Pomeroy, R.S., M.B. Mascia, and R.B. Pollanc (2006) Marine Protected Areas: The Social Dimension.Produced for the FAO Expert Workshop on Marine Protected Areas and FisheriesManagement: Review of Issues and Considerations. FAO Fisheries Report No. 825Salm, V.M., J.R. Clark and E. Siirila (2000) Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A guide for plannersand managers. IUCN. Washington DC.Sunde, J. and M. Isaacs (2008) Marine Conservation and Coastal Communities: Who Carries theCosts? A Study of Marine Protected Areas and Their Impact on Traditional Small-scaleFishing Communities in South Africa. International Collective in Support of Fishworkers.Chennai, IndiaUNEP-WCMC (2008) State of the world’s protected areas: an annual review of global conservationprogress. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.Young, T.R. (2006) The Legal Framework for MPAs and Successes and Failures in their Incorporationinto National Legislation. Produced for the FAO Expert Workshop on Marine Protected Areasand Fisheries Management: Review of Issues and Considerations. FAO Fisheries Report No.825Pg 151
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