The Theology of Heraclitus: a Presocratic Pantheism

ls4the evidence ln deta11. llowever a short run-down nlght stil1be useful. As Darcus points out, in llesioal rrre even have anexpllcit staternerlt that such hablts are Irot innate but arelearned (819.699). Theognls carrj.es !his thoughr along bysaying that the athos of a person is not static and unchange-abLe from birih but rather 1s a descriptlon of a personrscharacter Et tha! particula! time. In other words, if a psoo ls good, he hes a good 6thos, but if he ls deceltful,heln-rrlght be sald !o have a dolion Ethos (vv.1243-4). The pottLal varlabillty of an €!hos wlthln a slllgle persort fortheognis Is revealed in 11nes 213-4 l'hele the llJM of anan 1s ordered to alter 1!s "varlable Ethost' ln eccordancewith the frlend 1t happens to assoclate with (cf. Darcus,I19721, 351-3)Ilhen ne come to Pindar. ne notice what sone assune 1sshifL in the meanlng of Ethos away fron its early neaning ofcharac!er developed through habituder and towards aof'lnnatenatu!er . The word occurs in PIndar onlyfourtine6, once ln the sense of hauot (!ll!.4,258), theEleanlng, but tltlce In a new way conlolned 1'ith nordso ldes tthacEeanriltnateror'inbornr (duouiE, ouYYeve's: o1.Il,l 9 & 13,r3).Darcus thinks this use heralds the new neaning of'n-e!hosfor([1974],393), aod ]larcovlch (P.502) refers his readersto these t\ro passages as prooflhat Eg!99 could rnean "theborn nature of a1l men as a species". Ye! it seems to me thatthis evidence can cut bolh trays, for the addi.tion of suchnords lmp11es also that the lrord Athos Der !9 dId not denoie