The Theology of Heraclitus: a Presocratic Pantheism

189but such a translation can be misleading since ne do not aIlraysdistinguish shane f rorn gui1t. Ilowever, as long as shamels understood as beiltg a feellng i.l relation to others andguilt as an llrner feeling that needs no one else for its ex-lstence, then "shane" will do for a rendering of aid6s.90ur lasE point i$ our discussion of the early concept ofaj.d6s iS that it -ras deened a positive attribute, sollethlng thatwas good Lo have. In oCher !,rords it nas, as a later Creekwould say, an are!E or, as we nlighE say, a virtue. It tstmporrant nol to be [0isled by !he stress aid-os put 1n theopinion of orhers into thinking that it was some form of reputationraongering or 11ke the sophlstlcal vlew that the solenotivatlon for doing Bood lras the fear of being found out Lfone does bad (cf, Antiphon,8TB 44; Cuthrie, Ll,494), ThLslrould not be a tair pic!ure of ald6s, uhlch 1n early tl.nesnas alvays consiCered to be a hunan excellence, of, posltivemoral !'orth, anC sonething that rould characterlze 1ts posvDoddshas done us a service by suggesting the terns shane-cultureand guilt-cultu!e as relresenting trends jn early Greek society. \arhenaid6s turned into aischvnE, shane turned into gui1t. Reasons fo! thistransition are va!io,Jsly given, but the inportant thlng to r@enber isthat H, does noE have a technical vocabulary and that he I,ras 1n nore uaysthan one a consarvative. Hence it is no! surprising lo find him hearke.r-1ng back to an aristocratic virtue and ternlnology even though it riay havebeen on rhe decl:re in his d6y. Denocritus does nuch the sere thtng (cf.curhrie, 11,494), See Dodds, Gks. 6 lrrat.,18 & chap.2, Dove! (q!:&p.}I!rality,221 n.3) 1'e11 points out that both shane and guilt are found stdeby side throughout Greek hislory and so Doddsr identlflcation of the HonericAge lriih i5e shane-culture and the archaic age with Sullt-cullurenay be a bit of an over- sinp 1if icat lon.For Dodls' t: eory of !,rhy guilt rePLaced shane see hts discussionof the weake.-rin3 or' :1e creek fanily bond (:!j4. '44 ff.). For a differentopinion see G. :.lurre)' (3:!C_9!_S!.,&ig, [4!h ed.; N.Y.,1934],90) !"hoblames the rise o: organized gover:nnent,