The Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi of Belgium and Luxembourg ...

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14 P. DIEDERICH & E. SÉRUSIAUX The Flemish district (here after Fl.) is also a fairly flat region; it corresponds to the plains of Quaternary sand deposited over sand and clays of the Eocene or of more recent origin. It is strongly urbanized and industrialized, even in terms of agricultural practices. Almost all ericaceous heaths have indeed disappeared. There is no natural rock outcrop, and woodland areas are now very reduced and strongly altered. The lichen flora is confined to isolated trees, old walls, especially on churches and in cemeteries (Fig. 5), but has lost any outstanding feature; atlantic species characteristic of old forests found in the district until the end of last century have now all disappeared. The Campine district (here after Camp.) also corresponds to large deposits of Quaternary sand and is similarly strongly urbanized and industrialized. The gravel terraces of Pleistocene origin in the eastern part reach 100 m elevation and, until World War II were locally covered by large dunes and ericaceous heaths. Almost all those semi-natural habitats have disappeared together with their highly characteristic lichen flora. As in the Flemish district, there is no natural rock outcrop and woodlands are artificial. Fig. 5. Caloplaca ruderum and Diploicia canescens are characteristic species on man-made substrates in the western part of Belgium, especially in the Flemish district. Photograph: M. Hoffmann (Brugge, 1999). Caloplaca ruderum et Diploicia canescens sont des espèces caractéristiques sur les substrats artificiels dans l’ouest de la Belgique, surtout dans le district flandrien. Photographie: M. Hoffmann (Brugge, 1999). Caloplaca ruderum en Diploicia canescens zijn karakteristische soorten op antropogene substraten in het westen van België, met name in het Vlaams district. Foto: M. Hoffmann (Brugge, 1999).
THE LICHENS OF BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST 15 Fig. 6. The death of elms has very seriously damaged the epiphytic lichen flora, especially in the western parts of the study area. Photograph: E. Sérusiaux (1982). La disparition des ormes a très sérieusement endommagé la flore des lichens épiphytes, en particulier dans l’ouest du territoire étudié. Photographie: E. Sérusiaux (1982). De sterfte van iepen heeft de epifytenflora veel schade toegebracht, vooral in het westelijk deel van het onderzoeksgebied. Foto: E. Sérusiaux (1982). The Brabant district (here after Brab.) is a large, gently undulating plateau, rarely over 200 m elevation, which is mostly covered by loess deposits from the Pleistocene. Except for several forested sites that usually correspond to sandy and less fertile emergences, the area is mostly used for intensive agriculture. The lichen flora is thus very reduced, and much so that the Haine-Sambre-Meuse depression that borders the district on its southern parts is very industrialized and polluted. The strong atlantic traits that are so characteristic of the forest ground flora, especially in the western part, are no longer expressed in the lichen flora, which is now reduced to ubiquitous and toxitolerant species. Several small rock outcrops exist in the valleys but their lichen flora is very poor. The Meuse district (here after Mosan) has an altitude fluctuating between 200 and 300 m and enjoys a better air quality than the previous districts. It shelters an exceptional lichen flora owing to the numerous natural rock outcrops that are to be found in the main valleys, especially along the Meuse, Viroin, Lesse and Ourthe (Fig. 7). Those calcareous rocks are usually very compact and date back to the Devonian or Carboniferous. The lichen flora associated with the Xerobromion communities show strong submediterranean affinities, and many species are at the northern limit of their distribution area. Other outcrops, covering a smaller surface, are markedly siliceous and also of high interest. The lichen forest flora is rather trivial, with a few exceptions linked to the best preserved fragments with old trees. Trees along roads are locally very interesting, although air pollution and especially the removal of Ulmus have strongly altered the lichen flora (Fig. 6). Semi-naturals habitats like the Mesobromion communities and heathlands are now very reduced but nevertheless still shelter an interesting lichen flora.
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Page 5 and 6: Contents Introduction .............
Page 7 and 8: L THE LICHENS OF BELGIUM AND LUXEMB
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Page 41 and 42: Species included THE LICHENS OF BEL
Page 49 and 50: Nomenclatuur THE LICHENS OF BELGIUM
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THE LICHENS OF BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOU
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BOTRYDINA Bréb. THE LICHENS OF BEL
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CONIDA A. Massal. THE LICHENS OF BE
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EPILICHEN Clem. THE LICHENS OF BELG
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LEPTORHAPHIS Körb. THE LICHENS OF
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PHYSALOSPORA Niessl THE LICHENS OF
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SPILONEMA Bornet THE LICHENS OF BEL
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THYREA A. Massal. THE LICHENS OF BE
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Eopyrenula R. C. Harris grandicula
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