Socio-economic Baseline Survey of Chittagong Hill Tracts - chtdf

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20.2 Women and DevelopmentHDRCSocio-economic Baseline Survey of Chittagong Hill Tracts149The issue of women and development isa complex and critical one, which canbe viewed from various dimensions:women as catalyst to development, roleof women in development, involvementof women in development process,development of the status of women invarious socio-economic aspects. Theabove list is not at all exhaustive and israther limited, but it indicates thedimensions of the issue. In thisaccompanying study, women anddevelopment issue has been viewedusing all the above dimensions and hasbeen assessed through 16 indicators- outcome of series of brainstorming sessions.Box 20.3 : Women and Development: Indicators used1. Dowry is not practiced2. Girls are encouraged to go to school3. Women are consulted with on matrimonial issue4. Women are not discriminated at shalish/local arbitration5. Women can freely choose occupation6. Women can go outside para for work7. Women can inherit property8. Women can participate in local development work9. Women can participate in traditional institutions actively10. Women can participate shalish11. Women can possess house12. Women can possess land13. Women can take decision to seek health service for her own14. Women can take decision to spend her own income15. Women get same wage as men16. Women know the legal age at marriage (18 years for women)Figure 20.1: Women and development: Indigenous and Bangalee (in %)Women know the legal age at marriageWomen get same wage as menWomen can take decision to spend own incomeWomen can take descision to seek health serviceWomen can possess landWomen can possess houseWomen can participate shalishWomen can participate in traditional institutionsWomen can participate in local development workWomen can inherit propertyWomen can go outside para for workWomen can freely choose occupationWomen are not dicriminated at ShalishWomen are consulted with on matrimonial issueGirls are encouraged to go to schoolDowry is not practiced36867892933262034232121291943456254BangaleesIndigenous Peoples5382607051686670505291Dowry is a rare case among the indigenous peoples in CHT. Only in 7% of the HH face orpractice dowry. But among the Bangalee community, this is a usual practice- almost 80% ofthe HH face or practice dowry. Only around half of the girls in CHT irrespective ofindigenous and Bangalee are encouraged to go to school. But this is significantly low amongLushai (13%) and Mro (29%).Two-third of the girls in CHT, irrespective of indigenous orBangalee, are consulted with on matrimonial issue. But this practice is relatively loweramong the Mro. Around one-fourth of the indigenous women can participate in shalish 40 ,which is only 9% among Bangalees. Among the indigenous groups, Khumi womenparticipate in shalish (50%) more than others and this is almost absent among Mro (1.4%)40 Local arbitration
HDRCSocio-economic Baseline Survey of Chittagong Hill Tracts150and Pangkhua (4%). A 30% of the women are discriminated at shalish, whereas this rate ishigher among Bangalee (50%). Lushai women are always discriminated in the shalish.A 70% of the indigenous women can freely choose occupation, which is significantly loweramong the Bangalee (29%). A 60% of the indigenous women can go outside para for work,which is significantly lower among the Bangalee (21%). This practice is significantly lowamong Khumi (7%), Mro (9%), and Pangkhua (10%).Only one-fifth of the indigenous women in CHT can inherit property, which is significantlyhigher among Bangalee (82%). Among the indigenous groups Marma women can inheritproperty relatively higher (54%) than others. This practice of inheriting property to women isalmost absent among Mro (1.4%) and Khyang (4%). But when actual scenario of inheritanceamong women is analysed through ‘possession of land and house’ then a gloomy picture isrevealed- less than 10% of the women irrespective of indigenous and Bangalee can possessland or house. The actual scenario of ownership and possession of land and other assets bythe women in CHT in different communities is a critical issue, which demands furtherresearch to understand the real situation.A 53% of the indigenous women can participate in local development works, which issignificantly lower among the Bangalee (26%). This is almost a universal practice among theKhyang HH (94%), but a rare case among Mro (4.3%). Participation in traditionalinstitutions/CBOs/samittees actively is relatively higher among indigenous (34%) thanamong the Bangalees (20%). But this is almost absent among Mro (1.4%).Box 20.4: Overall scenario of women and developmentIf all the indicators are assigned similar weights in assessing theoverall status of women and development in the CHT, then theindigenous can be seen in a better position than the Bangalee.Indigenous groups are 12 percentage-points higher from theBangalee in this case. This is indeed a bleak scenario as still 56and 68 percentage points need to be achieved among theindigenous and Bangalee community in CHT respectively.Overall status of women and developmentin CHT (in %)44Indigenous32BangaleeAround a half of the women in CHT can take decision to take necessary health services; but,this is not that frequent among Mro (1.4%), Lushai (6.7%), and Khumi (7%). Two-third ofthe indigenous women can take decision to spend their own money, which is only 33%among the Bangalees. Among the indigenous groups, Lushai women, unlike others, cannotspend own income in most cases.In insignificant cases, women and men get similar wages, irrespective of indigenous andBangalee. A 29% of the indigenous women know legal age at marriage for women, which issignificantly higher among the Bangalee (43%). Almost no Pangkhua and Mro women knowthe legal age at marriage for women.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTMost of the indigeno
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ABBREVIATIONSAIDSANCARIBCCBDHSCBICB
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Sl. No. Title Page #Box 21.2: Salie
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HDRCSocio-economic Baseline Survey
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CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION1.1 Why Studyi
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Provide support to Basic Education.
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4.6 Dependency RatioHDRCSocio-econo
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9.6 Income Earning StatusHDRCSocio-
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Socio-economic Baseline Survey of Chittagong Hill Tracts - chtdf

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