Fusion Programme - ENEA - Fusione

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Fusion ProgrammeENEA has provided the EFDA associated leader for JET, two TF leaders (Transport and Diagnostics),one deputy TF leader (Advanced Tokamak Scenario), one responsible officer (RO) in the Close Support Unit(H–mode scenario and Transport) and one RO for enhancements in the EFDA JET Close Support Unit(CSU).ENEA’s participation in orders (contracts between EURATOM and EU associations) for JET C15-C19reached nearly 17% of the total amount, which is close to the contributions of the UK and Germany. TheENEA-EURATOM Association unites the activities of ENEA Frascati, the CREATE Consortium, the Instituteof Plasma Physics CNR Milan, the Reversed Field Experiment (RFX) Consortium Padua, Turin Polytechnic(POLITO), and Catania University. (See figs. 1.14-1.16.)Digital acquisition and processing system for neutron detectors. TheParticipation in neutron/gamma digital pulse shape discrimination (DPSD) unit coupled to the NE213the JET EP2 scintillator in the central channel of the JET neutron camera was completed [1.57].Consisting of acquisition hardware based on a 14-bit 200 MS/s digitiser and processingsoftware written in LabVIEW TM , the system was fully developed at ENEA-Frascati[1.58,1.59] (task JW5-EP-SEN-SP3). Two such systems were also given to the Institut für Plasma Physik(IPP) in Garching and to the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig for neutronspectroscopy applications on the ASDEX-U tokamak and on the PTB accelerator facility, respectively.Analysis of the data acquired in the mixed neutron-gamma field of JET deuterium discharges was focussedFig. 1.14 - Distribution of orders for JET campaigns (C15–C19)of EU associations (vertical axis is % of the total)Days (calendar) under orderin C15-C19 (total days 3964)2007 Progress Report261612840TFE1%TFM9%TFD51%ItalyUKFranceSwedenBelgiumGermanyPolandTFH5%TFT11%TFS10%AustriaSwitzerlandCzechGreeceNetherlandsDenmarkTFS223%SpainFinlandFig. 1.16 - Distribution ofcalendar days underorder for JET campaigns(C15-C19), related toactivity per TF2226; 56%261; 7%565; 14%912; 23%Fig. 1.15 - Distribution ofcalendar days under orders forJET campaigns (C15-C19)between the institutes of theENEA-EURATOM AssociationPOLITORFXIFP CNR MiENEA F[1.57] B. Esposito et al., Small enhancementfor neutronics digital pulsediscriminators (Test of new concepts),Final Report of EFDA-JET Task JW5-EP-SEN-SP3, ENEA Internal ReportFUS TN PHY-R-006 (2007)[1.58] M. Riva, B. Esposito, D. Marocco,Fusion Eng. Des. 82, 1245 (2007)[1.59] B. Esposito et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth.
1. Magnetic Confinement2007 Progress ReportCounts10 510 410 310 210 1Length (samples)Pile-upSingle10 0 0 50 100 150 200Amplitude (arb. unit)40030020010000 20 40 60SamplesFig. 1.17 - Example of distribution ofpulse lengths (AmBe neutron sourceand NE213 scintillator)Fig. 1.18 - Pile-up event with fitting of the firstpulse in the window. The fitted pulse is thensubtracted from the original signal to obtainthe second pulseon the treatment of the scintillator pile-up events (overlapping pulses). The processing software identifiesall pile-up events (fig. 1.17) and a method for their off-line digital processing was developed: pile-ups arereduced to single pulses through a pulse fitting procedure (fig. 1.18) and then correctly labelled asneutrons or gammas. If the method is applied to pile-ups with successive peaks separated by more than50 ns, ~87% of the pile-up events can be resolved and used for spectral analysis [1.60].Development of artificial diamond detectors. Of the two artificial diamond detectors grown bychemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques, one is a 37–μm-thick polycrystalline film (p-CVD), the otheris a single 30–μm–thick crystal diamond (SCD). Both detectors are covered with a 2–μm layer of LiFenriched at 95% in 6 Li [1.61,1.62]. 6 Li converts low-energy neutrons into alphas and tritons of about 2 MeVand 2.7 MeV respectively via the well-known (n,α) reaction in 6 Li. In the case of the p-CVD detector thegoal is to measure the total neutron yield and compare it with the data of the standard 235 U fissionchambers installed at JET (KN1 diagnostics). In the case of the SCD detector the goal is more ambitiousas it was developed with the aim of having a single detector capable of measuring simultaneously the totaland the 14-MeV neutrons from DD plasma. At the moment this is achieved at JET by using fissionchambers and silicon diodes (KM-7 diagnostics). The diodes have a hardness problem and are usuallychanged each year.A peculiar aspect of the SCD detector is the conductive boron doped contact developed for thisapplication and which from preliminary studies (to be confirmed at JET) seems to allow the detector towork under very stable conditions (e.g., no polarization effects) [1.61].The different ways of detecting thermal and 14-MeV neutrons by the SCD are shown in figure 1.19, whereHPHT stands for high-pressure high-temperature layer.in Phys. Res. A 572, 355 (2007)[1.60] F. Belli et al., A method for digitalprocessing of pile-up events in organicscintillators, submitted to Nucl.Instrum. Meth. in Phys. Res.[1.61] M. Marinelli et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89,1(2006)[1.62] M. Marinelli et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90,183509 (2007)Fast neutrons are detected through the products of the reactionn + 12 C → α + 9 Be – 5.7 MeV .Thermal neutrons are detected through the products of thereaction27
Page 1 and 2: PROGRESS REPORT2007Nuclear Fusion a
Page 3 and 4: ContentsPART I - FUSION PROGRAMME 7
Page 5 and 6: 2007PART IV - MISCELLANEOUS 18314.
Page 7: 2007analyses of the missions to be
Page 10 and 11: Fusion Programme2007 Progress Repor
Page 12 and 13: Fusion ProgrammeTable 1.I - Summary
Page 14 and 15: Fusion ProgrammeFollowing a Europea
Page 16 and 17: Fusion Programmen e (10 20 m -3 )3.
Page 20 and 21: Fusion Programmewas not affected by
Page 22 and 23: Fusion ProgrammeShear Alfvén wavec
Page 24 and 25: Fusion Programmen H (10 20 /m 3 )0.
Page 26 and 27: Fusion Programmei.e., typically, ra
Page 30 and 31: Fusion Programmennα6 LIF6 LIF9 BeI
Page 34 and 35: Fusion Programmedifference between
Page 36 and 37: Fusion ProgrammeIntroductionThe suc
Page 38 and 39: Fusion ProgrammeMinority ions, acce
Page 40 and 41: Fusion ProgrammeThe cryostat overal
Page 42 and 43: Fusion ProgrammeIntroductionThe tec
Page 44 and 45: Fusion ProgrammeThe main results so
Page 46 and 47: Fusion ProgrammeInfrared absorption
Page 48 and 49: Fusion ProgrammeFig. 3.8 - Frascati
Page 50 and 51: Fusion ProgrammeThe second year of
Page 52 and 53: 250Fusion Programmeflow-rate in the
Page 54 and 55: Fusion ProgrammeThe aim of the work
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Page 58 and 59: Fusion ProgrammeRange (mm)593583573
Page 60 and 61: Fusion ProgrammeZ (m)6420-2-4-6sour
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Page 72 and 73: Fusion ProgrammeTritium roomTritium
Page 74 and 75: Fusion ProgrammeImplications for PS
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Fusion ProgrammeIntroductionDuring
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Fusion Programme19.5Section view B-
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Fusion Programmeresults and particu
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Fusion ProgrammeFollowing the exten
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Fusion Programme4.7 Characterisatio
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Fusion ProgrammeMagnetic moment (em
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Fusion ProgrammeCeO 2YSZCeO 2YBCOMa
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Fusion Programme0 1 10 0 1 100 1 10
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Fusion ProgrammeLoad (mN)0.80.60.40
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Fusion Programme5.1 Outline and Ove
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Fusion Programme(λ D /Δ 0 ) 2Δ 0
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5. Inertial Fusion2007 Progress Rep
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6. Communication and Relationswith
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7. Publications and Events - Fusion
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Fission Technology8.1 Advanced and
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Fission TechnologyAcceleration m/s
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Fission Technology232.73 mm (17 pin
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Fission TechnologyThe Very High Tem
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Fission Technology500Thermocouple t
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Fission Technology0.16 mm 0.16 mm0.
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Fission Technology-4800-85000.00SGU
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Fission Technologythrough calculati
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Fission Technology1.23 e+001.17 e+0
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Fission TechnologyPressure (bar)642
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Fission TechnologyFig. 8.37 - Creep
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Fission TechnologyENEA organised th
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Fission TechnologyTemperature600400
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Fission TechnologyZ(m)1.00.80.60.40
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Fission Technologythat a system is
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Fission TechnologyMaxwellian-averag
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Fission TechnologyBOT3P has large w
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Fission Technology9.1 Boron Neutron
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Fission TechnologyIn collaboration
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Fission Technologyvolume. Thus the
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Fission TechnologyFig. 9.9 - Logger
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Fission TechnologyIn relation to EN
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Fission TechnologyArticles11.1 Publ
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Fission TechnologyArticles incourse
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Fission TechnologyF. ROELOFS, B. DE
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Fission TechnologyE. BERTHOUMIEUX e
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Fission TechnologyInternal reportsR
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Fission TechnologyRTI FPN-P815-008
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PART IIINUCLEAR PROTECTION171
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12. Radioactive Waste Management an
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13. Publications - Nuclear Protecti
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Miscellaneous14.1 Advances in the I
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Miscellaneoususing a full wave code
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MiscellaneousAt present the effect
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MiscellaneousSuperAGILE view of the
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Abbreviations and AcronymsAacACPADS
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Abbreviations and AcronymsEFITEHRSE
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Abbreviations and AcronymsITERITGIT
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Abbreviations and AcronymsPFWPGAPHY
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Abbreviations and AcronymsVVDEVELLA
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