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83 Government of Venezuela (GOV), Decree 295, “Decree with the Same Statusand Effects of a Mining Law” (translated into English) (Caracas, Venezuela:GOV, 1999). Online at: http://www.camiven.com/msg8.htm (July 18, 2001).84 A. La Riva, “Taller sobre comercialización y legislación de oro,” GEOMINASBoletín No.15 (Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela: Escuela de Geología y Minas de laUniversidad de Oriente, July 1986).85 M. Veiga, “Mercury in Small-scale Gold Mining in Latin America: Facts,Fantasies and Solutions.” Paper presented to UNIDO Expert Group Meeting,“Introducing new technologies for abatement of global mercury pollutionderived from small-scale gold mining,” Vienna, July 1-3, 1997, p. 3. Productionvalue estimated using an average price of $279/troy ounce.86 See U. N. Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. 1998. “The Geographyof Offshore Financial Centres and Bank Jurisdictions,” excerpted fromFinancial Havens, Banking Secrecy, and Money-Laundering. Online at:http://www.globalpolicy.org/nations/finhav99.htm (June 27, 2001), p. 2;Oxfam, “Tax Competition and Tax Havens.” Presentation for U.N. Financing forDevelopment NGO Hearings, Washington, DC, November 7, 2000. Online at:http://www.globalpolicy.org/socecon/develop/2000/1100ox.htm (July 24,2001).87 See Bolívar Goldfields Ltd. 2001. “About us.” Online at: http://www.Bolivargold.com/about.htm(July 24, 2001).88 M. Veiga, “Mercury in Small-scale Gold Mining in Latin America: Facts,Fantasies and Solutions.” Paper presented to UNIDO Expert Group Meeting,“Introducing new technologies for abatement of global mercury pollutionderived from small-scale gold mining,” Vienna, July 1-3, 1997, p. 3.89 Miranda et al., All That Glitters is Not Gold: Balancing Conservation andDevelopment in Venezuela’s Frontier Forests (Washington, DC: WRI, 1998),p. 29.90 Government of Venezuela, Decreto 1257 (Caracas, Venezuela: GOV, 1996).91 Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG), Vicepresidencia Corporativa deMinería, “Situación Actual de la Permisología Ambiental de los ContratosVigentes de Pequeña, Mediana y Gran Minería en Areas Asignadas a la CVG,”Report to Ministry of Environment (Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela: CVG,September 1999).92 Ibídem.93 Corporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG), “Situación Actual de laPermisología Ambiental de los Contratos Vigentes de Pequeña, Mediana y GranMinería en Áreas Asignadas a la CVG,” (Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela: CVG, 1999);For concession status information, see Crystallex International Co. September13, 2000. “Crystallex Agrees to Acquire Control of Lo Increíble Project inVenezuela.” Company News Release, Online at:http://www.crystallex.com/news/sep13-00.html (June 28, 2001);Vheadline.com. April 4, 1997. “Golden Bear advances on Choco-6 Drilling.”Online at: http://www.vheadline.com/9704/0922.htm (June 28, 2001); PlacerDome International Co. August 2, 1997. “Placer Dome Starts Construction ofLas Cristinas Mine: Announces Addition to Gold Reserve.” Company New81