García, P., M. Perera, H. Escandel, and P. Cortez. Manejo integral de los bosquesnaturales. Jornadas sobre desarrollo sostenible del medio rural. Caracas,Venezuela: Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos NaturalesRenovables, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría, Fundación Polar, 1999.Gil, E., and R. Royero. “Biodiversidad y conocimiento ancestral: avances y notaspara su estudio.” 1er. Simposio Venezolano de Etnobotánica. Memoriasdel Instituto de Biología Experimental, UCV 2, No. 1 (1999): 149-152.Giménez, G., M. Hasegawa, M. Rodríguez, O. Estrada, J. Méndez, and A. Castillo.“Actividad y fitoquímica de plantas del Amazonas.” 1er. SimposioVenezolano de Etnobotánica. Memorias del Instituto de BiologíaExperimental, UCV 2, No. 1 (1999): 199-202.Gorzula, S. “Diagnóstico faunístico del estado Amazonas: propuestas para sumanejo sostenible.” In Amazonas, modernidad en tradicción, edited byAntonio Carrillo and Miguel A. Perera. Caracas, Venezuela: GTZ, CAIAH,Sada-Amazonas, Orpia, 1995:247-294.Gorzula, S. Una evaluación del estado actual de la fauna silvestre en el estadoAmazonas, Venezuela, Informe ténico. Caracas, Venezuela: GTZ, MARNR.Mimeographed, 1993.Gorzula, S., and G. Medina-Cuervo. “La fauna silvestre de la cuenca del río Caroní yel impacto del hombre. Evaluación y perspectivas.” Interciencia 11, No. 6(1986): 317-324.Government of Venezuela. “Ley de protección a la fauna silvestre.” Gaceta OficialNo. 29.289. (11 August, 1970).Groger, A. “Análisis preliminar de la flórula y vegetación del Monumento NaturalPiedra de la Tortuga , estado Amazonas Venezuela (sur de PuertoAyacucho).” Acta Botanica Venezuelica 17, No. 1,2,3,4 (1994): 128-153.Guánchez, F. “Aspectos biológicos, taxonómicos y económicos del géneroLeopoldinia Martius (Arecaceae).” Doctoral dissertation. Caracas,Venezuela: Universidad Central de Venezuela, 1997.Guánchez, F. Plantas amazónicas de uso medicinal y mágico. Caracas, Venezuela:Fundación Polar, Sada-Amazonas, 1999.Hames, R. B. “A Comparison of the Efficiencies of the Shogun and the Bow inNeotropical Hunting.” Human Ecology 7 (1980): 219-251.Hames, R. B. “Game Depletion and Hunting Zone Rotation Among the Ye’kwana andYanomamo of Amazonas, Venezuela.” In Working Papers on SouthAmerican Indians, edited by W. T. Vikers and K.M. Kesinger, 1-20.Burlington, VT: Burlington College, 1980.Heinen, D. “The Warao indians of the Orinoco Delta: an outline of their traditionaleconomic organization and interrelations with the national economy.”Antropológica 40 (1975): 25-55.Heinen, D., R. Lizarralde, and T. Gómez. “El abandono de un ecosistema: el caso delos morichales del Delta del Orinoco.” Antropológica 81 (1994-1996): 3-36.122
Hernández, L., P. Williams, R. Azuaje, Y. Rivas, and G. Picón. “Nombres indígenas yusos de algunas plantas de la Gran Sabana (Venezuela). Una introducción ala etnobotánica regional.” Acta Botanica Venezuelica 17, No. 1,2,3,4 (1994):69-127.Hoffman, S. D. “Subsistence in transition: Indigenous agriculture in Amazonas,Venezuela.” Doctoral dissertation. Berkeley, California: University ofCalifornia, 1993.Huber, O., J. Steyermark, G. Prance, and C. Ales. “The vegetation of the SierraParima, Venezuela-Brasil some results of recent exploration.” Brittonia 36,No. 2 (1984): 104-139.Jaffé, K., and M.C. Muller. “Notas etnomirmecológicas Ye´cuana.” Acta Terramaris 1(1989): 43-50.Jaffé, K., and P. Sánchez, eds. Tecnologías alternativas para el uso y conservación debosques tropicales. Caracas, Venezuela: Universidad Simón Bolívar,Fundación Terramar.Johnston, M. “Tree population studies in low-diversity forest, Guyana. II.Assessments on the distribution and abundance of non-timber forestproducts.” Biodiversity and Conservation 7 (1998): 73-86.Knab-Vispo, C., J. Rosales, and G. Rodríguez. “Observaciones sobre el uso de plantaspor los Ye´kuana en el bajo Caura.” Scientia Guaianae 7 (1997): 215-257.Knab-Vispo, C. “A rain forest in the Caura reserve (Venezuela) and its use by indigenousYe´kuana people.” Doctoral dissertation. Madison, Wisconsin:University of Wisconsin, 1988.Knab-Vispo, C., P. Berry, and G. Rodríguez. “Floristic structural characterization of alowland rain forest in the lower Caura watershed, Venezuelan Guayana.”Acta Botanica Venezuelica 22, No. 2 (1999): 325-359.La Marca, E., ed. Vertebrados actuales y fósiles de Venezuela. Mérida, Venezuela:Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología de Mérida, 1997.Leal, F., P. Sánchez, and E. Valderrama. “Theobroma silvestre en el estado Amazonasde Venezuela.” Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter 116 (1998): 36-38.Listabarth, C. “The palms of the Surumoni area (Amazonas, Venezuela). II.Phenology and pollination of two flooded forest palms, Mauritiellaaculeata and Leopoldinia pulchra.” Acta Botanica Venezuelica 22, No. 1(1999): 153:165.Lizot, J. “Poisons Yanomami de chasse, de guerre et de peche.” Antropológica 31(1972): 3-20.Llamozas, S., R. Duno, R. Ortiz, R. Riina, O.Huber, and F. Stauffer. Libro Rojo de laFlora Venezolana: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Provita andFundación Polar, in press.López, E. “Etnobotánica Hoti: Explorando las interacciones entre la flora y el serhumano del Amazonas venezolano.” Doctoral dissertation. University ofGeorgia: Athens, Georgia, 1999.123
- Page 2 and 3:
The State of Venezuela’s ForestsA
- Page 5:
PresentationMan has become increasi
- Page 9 and 10:
ForewordForests help to slow global
- Page 11 and 12:
AcknowledgmentsGlobal Forest Watch
- Page 13 and 14:
Mining ............................
- Page 15 and 16:
6. Actual and Potential Conflicts B
- Page 18 and 19:
Key FindingsVenezuela is still home
- Page 20 and 21:
However, the forests of the Guayana
- Page 22 and 23:
2Political and Administrative Bound
- Page 24:
MAP 2Settlements in the Forests of
- Page 27 and 28:
In 1998, the Venezuelan Forest Serv
- Page 29 and 30:
Legal Instrument Year RelevanceDecr
- Page 31 and 32:
CHAPTER 2Forest Cover and Protectio
- Page 33 and 34:
13Forest CoverMAP 3Data on forest c
- Page 35 and 36:
• Lack of consistency in results.
- Page 37 and 38:
17Areas Strictly Protected for Cons
- Page 39 and 40:
Areas protected for natural resourc
- Page 41 and 42:
Actual and Potential Conflicts Betw
- Page 43 and 44:
Capacity to Manage Protected Areas
- Page 45 and 46:
CHAPTER 3Non-Extractive Value of Fo
- Page 47 and 48:
Wildlife Species Richness in the Gu
- Page 49 and 50:
Threatened and Endemic Species by S
- Page 51 and 52:
At least thirteen plants and animal
- Page 53 and 54:
The capture and collection of parro
- Page 55 and 56:
CHAPTER 4Forest Development TrendsV
- Page 57 and 58:
Imports, Exports, and National Prod
- Page 59 and 60:
Industrial Wood Production, 1980-19
- Page 61 and 62:
• In 1997, royalties and fees com
- Page 63 and 64:
Status of Logging Concessions in th
- Page 65 and 66:
Irregularities in Logging Concessio
- Page 67 and 68:
Low extraction rates in the Guayana
- Page 69 and 70:
The Guayana region lacks a transpar
- Page 71 and 72:
The capacity for regeneration of co
- Page 73 and 74:
MiningWhat is the relative importan
- Page 75 and 76:
Venezuelan Gold and Diamond Product
- Page 77 and 78:
• Concession owners are required
- Page 79 and 80:
Foreign Mining Companies with Holdi
- Page 81 and 82:
By nature, mining is a speculative
- Page 83 and 84:
signs of contamination, 97 and anot
- Page 85 and 86:
SettlementsHow are settlement patte
- Page 87 and 88:
What is the impact of population ch
- Page 89 and 90:
y these actors. In addition, becaus
- Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER 5ConclusionsGlobal Forest W
- Page 93 and 94: Providing Better Information for In
- Page 95 and 96: 18 Ministerio del Ambiente y de los
- Page 97 and 98: 37 MARN, Boletín Estadístico Fore
- Page 99 and 100: 62 R. Posada, “Algunos aspectos s
- Page 101 and 102: 83 Government of Venezuela (GOV), D
- Page 103 and 104: 103 Legislation does not define sta
- Page 105 and 106: Methodology:• Data on the locatio
- Page 107 and 108: • TREES from ATSR onboard the ERS
- Page 109 and 110: Maps 4-6, Figures 2-4Venezuela’s
- Page 111 and 112: • There are differences between t
- Page 113 and 114: Wildlife Restricted to Forests of t
- Page 115 and 116: Threatened Animals Used by Indigeno
- Page 117 and 118: Chapter 4: Forest Development Trend
- Page 119 and 120: Note: There are many inconsistencie
- Page 121 and 122: Annual Cutting Plans (Executed)Area
- Page 123 and 124: Management Area (ha) Contract Years
- Page 125 and 126: Table Sources:• Concession manage
- Page 127 and 128: Price of Gold, 1975-2000 (Figure 20
- Page 129 and 130: Methodology (Figure 23, Table 11, M
- Page 131 and 132: Change in Selected Indigenous Popul
- Page 133 and 134: iar with forest issues in Venezuela
- Page 135 and 136: Gydris Adrián Comisión Especial p
- Page 137 and 138: Ortegano, O. “Nueva Política For
- Page 139 and 140: Chapter 3: Non-timber Forest Produc
- Page 141: Dessene, P., and S. Strhal. “Situ
- Page 145 and 146: Ojasti, J. “Fauna silvestre del e
- Page 147 and 148: Técnica Minera C.A. Inventario de
- Page 149 and 150: Nepstad, D., et al. “Large-scale
- Page 151 and 152: Government Industry Task Force on t
- Page 153 and 154: All data presented in this report a
- Page 155: GLOBAL FOREST WATCH (GFW)WORLD RESO