50 For more details on the administrative requirements of logging concessions, seeMiranda et al., All That Glitters is Not Gold: Balancing Conservation andDevelopment in Venezuela’s Frontier Forests (Washington, DC: WRI, 1998), p.14.51 Our data are based on surveys and interviews with sawmill operators and wewere unable to independently verify the results52 Ramiro Silva, Venezuelan forestry expert, personal communication, 22November, 200053 J.G. Collomb et al., An Overview of Logging in Cameroon (Washington, DC:WRI, 2000), p. 20.54 Extraction rates in Guyana, French Guiana, and Suriname vary between 5-15m 3 /ha and in some forest blocks extraction rates can reach up to 60-100 m 3 /ha.See H. ter Steege and D.S. Hammond, “Forest Management in the Guianas:Ecological and Evolutionary Constraints on Timber Production,” BOSNiEuWSLETTER 15 (1996): 63; extraction rates in the Brazilian Amazone varyaccording to three intensity levels i) low –14-24 m 3 /ha and 1 tree/ha; ii) moderate–24-32 m 3 /ha and 1-3 trees/ha; and iii) high –32-35 m 3 /ha and 5-10 trees/ha.See D. Nepstad, et al., “Large-scale impoverishment of Amazonian Forests bylogging and fire,” Nature (in press); C. Uhl et al., “ Natural ResourceManagement in the Brazilian Amazon: an integrated approach,” BioScience 47,3 (1997): 160-168.55 The official cubic meter is derived by a formula established by the Ministry ofEnvironment: V-MARN=0.605 * D 2 * L, where V-MARN = the volume in m 3 ;0.605 = conversion constant; D= cutting diameter at breast height in meters; L=commercial height in meters. For more details on the official cubic meter, seeJ. C. Centeno, Estrategia para el Desarrollo Forestal de Venezuela (Report commissionedby WRI, June 1995), p. 29.56 J. C. Centeno, Estrategia para el Desarrollo Forestal de Venezuela (Report commissionedby WRI, June 1995), p. 2957 According to data collected from management plans of concessionaires operatingin Guayana region. See Annex 1 for details.58 Ramiro Silva, Venezuelan forestry expert, personal communication, 22November, 2000.59 J. Ochoa G., “Análisis preliminar de los efectos del aprovechamiento demaderas sobre la composición y estructura de bosques en la GuayanaVenezolana,” Interciencia 23 (1998): 197-207.60 C. Uhl and I. Vieira, “Ecological Impacts of Selective Logging in the BrazilianAmazon: A Case Study from the Paragominas Region of the State of Pará,”Biotropica 21, 2 (1989): 98-106; R. J. Buschbacher, “Natural Forest Managementin the Humid Tropics: Ecological, Social, and Economic Considerations,”Ambio 19, 5 (1990): 253-257.61 J. C. Centeno, Estrategia para el Desarrollo Forestal de Venezuela (Report commissionedby WRI, June 1995), p. 37.78
62 R. Posada, “Algunos aspectos sobre el proceso de producción del AserraderoYocoima,” Proyecto de Ingeniería de Industrias Forestales (Upata, Informe dePasantía: Universidad Experimental de Guayana, 1993), p. 37; J. C. Centeno, ElDesarrollo Forestal de Venezuela (Mérida, Venezuela: IFLA, 1990); J. C.Centeno, Estrategia para el Desarrollo Forestal de Venezuela (Report commissionedby WRI, June 1995), p. 51.63 Miranda et al., All That Glitters is Not Gold: Balancing Conservation andDevelopment in Venezuela’s Frontier Forests (Washington, DC: WRI, 1998), p.10.64 GFW Venezuela data. See Annex 1 for more details.65 Reduced impact logging has been found to reduce damage to surrounding treeswhen compared to conventional logging. See P. van der Hout, “Reducedimpact logging in the tropical rain forest of Guyana: ecological, economic andsilvicultural consequences,” Tropenbos Series 6 (Wageningen, Holland:Tropenbos Foundation-Guyana, 1999), p. 263.66 J. Ochoa G., “El aprovechamiento forestal en la Guayana Venezolana:Evaluación ecológica e implicaciones para la conservación de los mamíferos dela región.” Doctoral thesis, (Mérida, Venezuela: Universidad de Los Andes,1997); D. J. Mason, “Responses of Venezuelan understory birds to selective logging,enrichment strips, and vine cutting,” Biotropica 28 (1996): 296-309.67 A. Mansutti Rodríguez et. al., “Diagnóstico de los conflictos socio-ambientalesen Imataca: Líneas estratégicas de un programa para el resguardo y la consolidaciónde los asentamientos humanos ubicados en la Reserva ForestalImataca,” Final report to the World Bank (Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela:CIAG/UNEG, 2000), p. 32.68 O. Ortegano, “Informe de avance: Proyecto PD 49/94,” Seforven: Revista de laDirección del Recurso Forestal Yr. 10, 16 (2000): 12-15; G. Barrios, “Evaluaciónde la segunda fase del ensayo sistema Celos en la unidad de manejo forestalCVG, Edo. Bolívar,” Internship paper (Mérida, Venezuela: Universidad de LosAndes, 1996); T. W. Wood et al., “Estudios preliminares para desarrollartécnicas de manejo de bosques,” Proyecto Ven. 72019 (Caracas, Venezuela:Documento de trabajo No. 13, 1978); A. Linares, “Establecimiento de lametodología del muestreo de regeneración en la Unidad CVG de la ReservaForestal Imataca,” Master’s thesis (Mérida, Venezuela: Universidad de LosAndes, 1989).69 L. Hernández et al., “Una visión sobre el manejo forestal en la GuayanaVenezolana (Estado Bolívar),” Informe para el Consejo Regional de GobiernoAmbiente, Minería y Ordenación del Territorio del Estado Bolívar (CiudadBolívar, Venezuela: 1994), p. 8.70 R. J. Buschbacher, “Natural Forest Management in the Humid Tropics:Ecological, Social, and Economic Considerations,” Ambio 19, 5 (1990): 253;R. Rowe et al., “Deforestation: Problems, Causes and Concerns,” in Managingthe World’s Forests, ed. N. Sharma (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing,1992), p. 34; C. Uhl and I. Vieira, “Ecological Impacts of Selective Logging in theBrazilian Amazon: A Case Study from the Paragominas Region of the State ofPará,” Biotropica 21, 2 (1989): 101.79
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The State of Venezuela’s ForestsA
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PresentationMan has become increasi
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ForewordForests help to slow global
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AcknowledgmentsGlobal Forest Watch
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Mining ............................
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6. Actual and Potential Conflicts B
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Key FindingsVenezuela is still home
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However, the forests of the Guayana
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2Political and Administrative Bound
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MAP 2Settlements in the Forests of
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In 1998, the Venezuelan Forest Serv
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Legal Instrument Year RelevanceDecr
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CHAPTER 2Forest Cover and Protectio
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13Forest CoverMAP 3Data on forest c
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• Lack of consistency in results.
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17Areas Strictly Protected for Cons
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Areas protected for natural resourc
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Actual and Potential Conflicts Betw
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Capacity to Manage Protected Areas
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CHAPTER 3Non-Extractive Value of Fo
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Nepstad, D., et al. “Large-scale
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All data presented in this report a
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GLOBAL FOREST WATCH (GFW)WORLD RESO