Fund<strong>in</strong>g for the PSI came from a variety <strong>of</strong> sources, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Scottish</strong> Executive, thelocal authority, churches and charities. They have also ‘begged and borrowed’ <strong>to</strong> get<strong>in</strong>itiatives <strong>of</strong>f the ground, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g ask<strong>in</strong>g suppliers for surplus s<strong>to</strong>ck.iii. The implementation <strong>of</strong> the strategyThrough a consultation process, the EYCCT found that fathers did want <strong>to</strong> be <strong>in</strong>volved,but not through the k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> groups run for women. They wanted <strong>to</strong> be more active, morehands-on, and were look<strong>in</strong>g for physical, practical activities. The team started runn<strong>in</strong>gSaturday morn<strong>in</strong>g sessions <strong>in</strong> neighbourhood centres that would appeal equally <strong>to</strong>mothers, fathers and their children. Sessions <strong>in</strong>cluded mak<strong>in</strong>g books, construct<strong>in</strong>gpuppets and kites, s<strong>to</strong>rytell<strong>in</strong>g and prepar<strong>in</strong>g food, and some were also run <strong>in</strong> theeven<strong>in</strong>gs. They developed a series <strong>of</strong> parent and child workshops on popular themessuch as Monsters Inc, and fathers did turn up with their children. They became muchmore <strong>in</strong>volved and the team reported that they grew <strong>in</strong> confidence and their relationshipswith their children improved. They enjoyed the fact that their children saw them mak<strong>in</strong>gth<strong>in</strong>gs and the children were impressed by their fathers’ skills. However, they still tended<strong>to</strong> make comments such as ‘see the wife, that’s her job’ when asked <strong>to</strong> give a view onchildren and their school<strong>in</strong>g.The workshops were <strong>in</strong>tended <strong>to</strong> <strong>in</strong>volve fathers <strong>in</strong> the k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> activities they could do athome and <strong>to</strong> give them skills, ideas and suggestions for follow<strong>in</strong>g up the workshops.Either parent, or both, could attend any workshop, as they chose, and they attracted abroad range <strong>of</strong> parents <strong>of</strong> both genders. In addition, grandmothers frequently attended,and when young mothers came, they <strong>of</strong>ten brought someone else such as a parent, partneror friend.The team <strong>to</strong>ok the deliberate decision <strong>to</strong> demand noth<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> parents <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong>commitment <strong>to</strong> the <strong>in</strong>itiative. Experience <strong>in</strong>dicated that it was difficult <strong>to</strong> engage someparents <strong>in</strong> discuss<strong>in</strong>g their children and their progress, and many parents did not reallywant <strong>to</strong> be more <strong>in</strong>volved than just attend<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dividual workshops. It was also felt thatparents would not want <strong>to</strong> be <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> our focus groups, and attempts <strong>to</strong> achieve thiswere unsuccessful.Some nurseries are now runn<strong>in</strong>g early even<strong>in</strong>g sessions along similar l<strong>in</strong>es and, althoughthey were <strong>in</strong>itially concerned that this was not a good time <strong>of</strong> day for fathers, these hadbeen very well attended, with some fathers com<strong>in</strong>g on their own.In the nursery school, the headteacher targeted three areas <strong>of</strong> activity for action: sort<strong>in</strong>gactivities; role play<strong>in</strong>g/dress<strong>in</strong>g up; and <strong>in</strong>door/outdoor play.a. Sort<strong>in</strong>g activitiesPreviously the objects used for sort<strong>in</strong>g had tended <strong>to</strong> be plastic and <strong>of</strong> familiarcontent, e.g. farm animals, transport, etc. The nursery has <strong>in</strong>troduced a broaderrange <strong>of</strong> types <strong>of</strong> objects, e.g. m<strong>in</strong>ibeasts, leaves, artificial flowers, with a greateremphasis on vary<strong>in</strong>g colour and texture. Where possible, these are tied <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>picwork, e.g. the seasons, the jungle. Around St Valent<strong>in</strong>e’s Day children wereprovided with hearts <strong>in</strong> different materials, e.g. wood, plastic, velvet. They have also<strong>in</strong>troduced objects such as nuts, bolts and screws <strong>to</strong> be sorted, compared, sequenced,etc., ‘<strong>to</strong> address the <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>of</strong> boys’.b. Dress<strong>in</strong>g up/role play<strong>in</strong>gAccord<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> staff, both boys and girls were happy <strong>to</strong> dress up us<strong>in</strong>g the exist<strong>in</strong>gs<strong>to</strong>ck <strong>of</strong> outfits (usually parents’ cast-<strong>of</strong>fs), but it was felt that both groups neededgreater stimulus for imag<strong>in</strong>ative play. To encourage this, staff <strong>in</strong>troduced new outfitssuch as magical ones (witch/wizard) <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g fabrics and, specifically <strong>to</strong> appeal______________________________________________________________________________________<strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Strategies</strong> <strong>to</strong> 28 University <strong>of</strong> Strathclyde<strong>Address</strong> <strong>Gender</strong> <strong>Inequalities</strong>and University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
<strong>to</strong> the boys, animal pr<strong>in</strong>t designs and a wider range <strong>of</strong> character outfits. Both boysand girls appear <strong>to</strong> have <strong>in</strong>creased their <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> these activities, with boysenjoy<strong>in</strong>g dress<strong>in</strong>g up as lions, tigers, etc. While not perhaps as immediatelystereotypical as previous costumes, the children tended <strong>to</strong> use them <strong>in</strong> genderspecificways.Figure 4. 3: Dress<strong>in</strong>g up clothes that stimulate the imag<strong>in</strong>ation: greater variety,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g gender-neutral outfitsc. Indoor and outdoor playTraditionally, pre-5 and some <strong>in</strong>fant classrooms have provided a ‘home corner’where pupils can act out the k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> activities that they see happen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> their ownhomes. It was felt that such activities encouraged stereotypical roles and that othercontexts should be provided. At the time <strong>of</strong> the visit, the nursery had set up a‘Ra<strong>in</strong>forest Hut’, with all the facilities that a home corner might have – foodpreparation, seat<strong>in</strong>g, table, etc. In the garden, staff <strong>in</strong>troduced large rubber mats andlarge <strong>to</strong>y mice <strong>in</strong> addition <strong>to</strong> the usual outdoor <strong>to</strong>ys, <strong>to</strong> stimulate active play and thechildren’s imag<strong>in</strong>ations.______________________________________________________________________________________<strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Strategies</strong> <strong>to</strong> 29 University <strong>of</strong> Strathclyde<strong>Address</strong> <strong>Gender</strong> <strong>Inequalities</strong>and University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
- Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSEXECUTIVE S
- Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIntroductionThe Re
- Page 7 and 8: Staff and management in most school
- Page 9 and 10: 6. Management and whole school pers
- Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER ONE THE STUDYRecent researc
- Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF THE LITERATUR
- Page 15 and 16: 2.3 Causes of gender inequalityA ra
- Page 17 and 18: Archer and Yamashita (2003) argue t
- Page 19 and 20: ii. Assessment practicesNational mo
- Page 21 and 22: Further efforts to ensure ‘effect
- Page 23 and 24: Skelton (2001) argues that the basi
- Page 25 and 26: were still highly gendered. Further
- Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER THREE SURVEY OF LOCAL AUTHO
- Page 29 and 30: curriculum structures and lifelong
- Page 31 and 32: ‘Getting the best out of Boys’
- Page 33 and 34: 4.2 Early literacyLiteracy, or, mor
- Page 35 and 36: that it was concerned, at least in
- Page 37: 4.3 Self-concept and esteemA number
- Page 41 and 42: parents and what they wanted. Overa
- Page 43 and 44: was a thrust in the policy towards
- Page 45 and 46: School 1In the first school, non-de
- Page 47 and 48: For pupils, there were some common
- Page 49 and 50: Staff interviewed thought that a pa
- Page 51 and 52: The initiative had not been evaluat
- Page 53 and 54: indicated that he believed there wa
- Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSIONThe review o
- Page 57 and 58: Pupils were particularly aware of g
- Page 59 and 60: differences in the ways that boys a
- Page 61 and 62: Burn, E (2001) Do boys need male pr
- Page 63 and 64: Lloyd, G (ed.) (2005) Problem Girls
- Page 65 and 66: Rowe, K, Nix, PJ and Tepper, G (199
- Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LOCAL
- Page 69 and 70: 6. Would you expect any written pol
- Page 71 and 72: C. Strategies to address gender ine
- Page 73 and 74: Local authority161718Strategy/Area
- Page 75 and 76: Focus group schedule: pupilsThe the
- Page 77 and 78: 4. ImpactHas the project made any d
- Page 79 and 80: Policy origin of the initiativeLoca
- Page 81 and 82: Relationship with other strategiesE
- Page 83 and 84: Section 4Focus Group - ParentsGener