number <strong>of</strong> boys-only classes were <strong>in</strong>troduced <strong>in</strong> a targeted way, i.e. with boys whoneeded more <strong>in</strong>tensive support. However, these were discont<strong>in</strong>ued after 2-4 years andthere is, at present, no desire amongst staff for SGCs and very little support from thesenior management team for a return <strong>to</strong> this approach. Other measures taken <strong>to</strong> deal withunderachievement are seen <strong>to</strong> be meet<strong>in</strong>g the needs <strong>of</strong> pupils <strong>in</strong> satisfac<strong>to</strong>ry ways,without SGCs. Senior staff who were <strong>in</strong>terviewed expressed a clear desire <strong>to</strong> make surethat any changes are justifiable <strong>in</strong> educational terms and <strong>to</strong> take staff and parents alongwith them <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g new practices. The local authority is supportive but has notprovided additional fund<strong>in</strong>g or staff <strong>to</strong> support the developments.iii. The implementationIn the context <strong>of</strong> this specific school, curriculum flexibility <strong>in</strong>volves: a modular structure<strong>to</strong> the curriculum, with shorter targets and blocks <strong>of</strong> study; class sizes, <strong>in</strong> the ma<strong>in</strong>, atmaximum size, allow<strong>in</strong>g greater resource <strong>to</strong> be allocated <strong>to</strong> those need<strong>in</strong>g more support;and a timetabl<strong>in</strong>g procedure that slots <strong>in</strong> the ‘smaller’ subjects first and fits the core areas,e.g. mathematics and English, around these, thereby maximis<strong>in</strong>g choice.The school has an <strong>in</strong>clusion policy, <strong>of</strong> which gender is an element. Rais<strong>in</strong>g atta<strong>in</strong>ment,and more specifically, achievement <strong>in</strong> national qualifications, forms a significant part <strong>of</strong>the school development plan and is on both the local authority’s improvement andoperational plans. In these, there is a particular focus on boys’ achievement levels, mostnotably on literacy.The <strong>in</strong>itiative was orig<strong>in</strong>ally driven by the depute head with responsibility for learn<strong>in</strong>gand teach<strong>in</strong>g and all teachers with<strong>in</strong> the school are <strong>in</strong>volved. The orig<strong>in</strong>al work <strong>in</strong> theEnglish department was <strong>in</strong>itiated and driven by the Head <strong>of</strong> Department as part <strong>of</strong> theirresponse <strong>to</strong> the school development plan. The literacy dimension has dim<strong>in</strong>ished <strong>in</strong>prom<strong>in</strong>ence, with the national qualification dimension tak<strong>in</strong>g priority.In 2002-03, the school replaced Standard Grade programmes <strong>of</strong> work and exam<strong>in</strong>ations,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g National Qualification units for almost all subject areas, and is cont<strong>in</strong>u<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong>work <strong>to</strong> achieve this for all pupils and subjects. The pac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> units and assessmentevents is believed <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer a more coherent learn<strong>in</strong>g experience for pupils, encourag<strong>in</strong>gmore <strong>of</strong> them <strong>to</strong> study for Higher qualifications. In particular, the short timescale <strong>of</strong> theunits is considered more appropriate for boys. Those <strong>in</strong>terviewed agreed that theNational Qualification units <strong>of</strong>fered better cont<strong>in</strong>uity, coherence, pace and progressionthan Standard Grade, and had greater relevance <strong>to</strong> the Higher programmes <strong>of</strong> study.The school has held a number <strong>of</strong> sem<strong>in</strong>ars and staff development events related <strong>to</strong> the<strong>in</strong>itiative. In addition, there have been meet<strong>in</strong>gs with parents <strong>to</strong> share plans andaspirations and ga<strong>in</strong> their support for the developments. The various strands <strong>of</strong> the<strong>in</strong>itiative are <strong>in</strong>tegrated <strong>in</strong><strong>to</strong> everyday practice.iv. The impactThe school moni<strong>to</strong>red and evaluated the orig<strong>in</strong>al <strong>in</strong>itiative and the subsequentdevelopments relat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>to</strong> achievement <strong>in</strong> national qualifications. The impact receivedconsiderable publicity, with the outcomes presented at sem<strong>in</strong>ars and reported widely <strong>in</strong>the press.Copies <strong>of</strong> slides used <strong>in</strong> sem<strong>in</strong>ars and with parents showed clear educational argumentsfor the <strong>in</strong>itiatives, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g references <strong>to</strong> research f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs.It was stated that there was a belief among staff that gender is not the key fac<strong>to</strong>r: thatthere is a cluster <strong>of</strong> fac<strong>to</strong>rs affect<strong>in</strong>g atta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> which gender is only one, albeit avisible and important one. More recently the school has been concerned with the<strong>in</strong>tersection <strong>of</strong> gender and other fac<strong>to</strong>rs such as ethnicity and ability.______________________________________________________________________________________<strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Strategies</strong> <strong>to</strong> 38 University <strong>of</strong> Strathclyde<strong>Address</strong> <strong>Gender</strong> <strong>Inequalities</strong>and University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
Staff <strong>in</strong>terviewed thought that a particular strength <strong>of</strong> the strategy was the fact that it wasa whole school approach that <strong>in</strong>volved parents as well as staff and pupils. Changes hadbeen made <strong>to</strong> the ways <strong>in</strong> which they communicated with parents at, for example,parents’ nights. Considerable time had been spent on ‘awareness-rais<strong>in</strong>g’ and onconsult<strong>in</strong>g with staff, parents and pupils. This had been complemented by <strong>in</strong>-house staffdevelopment on related issues such as learn<strong>in</strong>g styles. On the downside, there were somesubjects that did not readily adapt <strong>to</strong> the National Qualifications format.They had encountered a number <strong>of</strong> obstacles, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the attitudes <strong>of</strong> some parents andstaff who had not been conv<strong>in</strong>ced <strong>of</strong> the need for change. In addition, some parents heldtraditional views <strong>of</strong> appropriate roles and career options for their sons and daughters.B. Theme: develop<strong>in</strong>g emotional literacyOne primary school had developed a series <strong>of</strong> strategies designed <strong>to</strong> address the verychalleng<strong>in</strong>g behaviour <strong>of</strong> some boys: behaviour that was impact<strong>in</strong>g on the atta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>of</strong>those boys <strong>in</strong> particular and on the classroom climate generally. Unfortunately, thecoord<strong>in</strong>a<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> the <strong>in</strong>itiative was ill at the time <strong>of</strong> the study and, as a result, the report wascompiled from a brief visit <strong>to</strong> the school <strong>to</strong> meet the headteacher and a telephone<strong>in</strong>terview with the coord<strong>in</strong>a<strong>to</strong>r, supplemented by <strong>in</strong>formation from the school handbook.i. Background <strong>of</strong> the schoolThe school is a denom<strong>in</strong>ational primary school which, <strong>in</strong> earlier years, had been acomb<strong>in</strong>ed primary and secondary school. When the secondary department moved <strong>to</strong> itspresent location, the primary department rema<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the orig<strong>in</strong>al accommodation andwas re-named. Its build<strong>in</strong>gs are traditional and centrally situated. Many parents andgrandparents with<strong>in</strong> the community attended the school and ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> close ties with it.The area has suffered from a degree <strong>of</strong> deprivation <strong>in</strong> the past.______________________________________________________________________________________<strong>Review</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Strategies</strong> <strong>to</strong> 39 University <strong>of</strong> Strathclyde<strong>Address</strong> <strong>Gender</strong> <strong>Inequalities</strong>and University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
- Page 3 and 4: CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSEXECUTIVE S
- Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIntroductionThe Re
- Page 7 and 8: Staff and management in most school
- Page 9 and 10: 6. Management and whole school pers
- Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER ONE THE STUDYRecent researc
- Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF THE LITERATUR
- Page 15 and 16: 2.3 Causes of gender inequalityA ra
- Page 17 and 18: Archer and Yamashita (2003) argue t
- Page 19 and 20: ii. Assessment practicesNational mo
- Page 21 and 22: Further efforts to ensure ‘effect
- Page 23 and 24: Skelton (2001) argues that the basi
- Page 25 and 26: were still highly gendered. Further
- Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER THREE SURVEY OF LOCAL AUTHO
- Page 29 and 30: curriculum structures and lifelong
- Page 31 and 32: ‘Getting the best out of Boys’
- Page 33 and 34: 4.2 Early literacyLiteracy, or, mor
- Page 35 and 36: that it was concerned, at least in
- Page 37 and 38: 4.3 Self-concept and esteemA number
- Page 39 and 40: to the boys, animal print designs a
- Page 41 and 42: parents and what they wanted. Overa
- Page 43 and 44: was a thrust in the policy towards
- Page 45 and 46: School 1In the first school, non-de
- Page 47: For pupils, there were some common
- Page 51 and 52: The initiative had not been evaluat
- Page 53 and 54: indicated that he believed there wa
- Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSIONThe review o
- Page 57 and 58: Pupils were particularly aware of g
- Page 59 and 60: differences in the ways that boys a
- Page 61 and 62: Burn, E (2001) Do boys need male pr
- Page 63 and 64: Lloyd, G (ed.) (2005) Problem Girls
- Page 65 and 66: Rowe, K, Nix, PJ and Tepper, G (199
- Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LOCAL
- Page 69 and 70: 6. Would you expect any written pol
- Page 71 and 72: C. Strategies to address gender ine
- Page 73 and 74: Local authority161718Strategy/Area
- Page 75 and 76: Focus group schedule: pupilsThe the
- Page 77 and 78: 4. ImpactHas the project made any d
- Page 79 and 80: Policy origin of the initiativeLoca
- Page 81 and 82: Relationship with other strategiesE
- Page 83 and 84: Section 4Focus Group - ParentsGener