Presidio Chapel Historic Structure Report - Presidio Trust

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HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORTFINALSustainability RequirementsThe Presidio Trust has set LEED Silver certification as a requirement for theRehabilitation of Historic and Non-Historic Buildings, to provide a baselinefor sustainable design and construction for all projects at the Presidio. ThePresidio is striving to become a model of sustainability - designing for optimumefficiency, performance, and sensitivity will help the Presidio meet thischallenge and ultimately become a place of learning and innovation.Sustainable features of the proposed project must include:• Rehabilitation to retain embodied energy of existing building• Features are reused rather than replaced• Addition designed for long-term flexibility and multiple use spaces• Maximization of daylight and natural ventilation• Materials selection based upon location and environmental impact of itsproduction, recycled content, contribution to air quality, and life cycle• Use of operable and energy-efficient windows• Energy-efficient lighting• Existing building with high thermal mass• Waterless urinals and dual-flush toilets• Point-of-use water heaters at lavatories• Radiant heat and no air-conditioning• Use of permeable exterior paving surfaces and reduction of surface runoff• Water-efficient landscapingDefinitions and TerminologyThe building elements conditions are described on a good/fair/poor/unknownrating system, defined as:Good (G)The building element / feature is intact, structurally sound, and performing itsintended purpose. The component needs no repair or rehabilitation, but onlyroutine or preventative maintenance.Fair (F)The building element / feature shows signs of aging and one or more of thefollowing conditions is present:a) There are early signs of wear, failure, or deterioration though the componentand its features are generally structurally sound and performing their intendedpurpose; orb) There is failure of a feature or component.Poor (P)The building element / feature shows signs of deterioration and one or more thefollowing conditions is present:a) The features are no longer performing their intended purpose; orb) Features are missing; orc) Deterioration or damage affects more than 25% of the component; ord) The component or features show signs of imminent failure or breakdown.Unknown (U)The assembly or feature was not accessible for assessment or not enoughinformation is available to make an evaluation.28MARCH 2012
PRESIDIO CHAPEL (BUILDING 130)SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIAThe following are defined terminologies associated with deterioration at thePresidio Chapel:Spalling is a common failure in which a small portion of the exterior facade, inthis case concrete and cement plaster stucco, detaches itself and falls from thebuilding. Spalling can be attributed to changes within the wall assembly, suchas efflorescence or corrosion (rusting) of embedded steel elements, or minordeficiencies or defects within the original construction. Incipient spall refers to acondition in which the material is detached, but remains in place.Delamination is a failure in which mechanically or adhesively bonded materialsseparate along the bonding plane. Commonly observed delaminations at thechapel are 1) between the paint and cement plaster stucco, resulting in peelingand blistered paint and 2) between the stucco or interior plaster and concretewall. Our observations indicate that most of this delamination is due to waterintrusion into the wall system.Corrosion occurs as steel oxides (reacts with oxygen in the air). The rustbyproduct of steel can occupy up to ten times the volume of the originalmaterial. If the steel is encased in another material, such as concrete, theexpansive corrosion can result in material failure (cracking or spalling). The rateof corrosion of steel can be accelerated through the presence of salts, acids,or by galvanic action. Galvanic corrosion occurs when two or more dissimilarmetals are brought into electrical contact through a conductor, in this case water.When a galvanic couple (the union of the two metals) forms, one of the metalsbecomes a cathode and corrodes more slowly than it would alone, while thesecond metal becomes an anode and corrodes more quickly than it would alone.At the Presidio Chapel, corrosion of steel reinforcement within the concretewall has caused spalling in a single location beneath a window in the organ pipechamber; also steel hangers and copper gutters are reacting due to improperinsulating material and the presence of water to conduct electricity.Efflorescence occurs when soluble salts contained within the wall are dissolvedby intruding water transported through the concrete and stucco/plaster. Whenthe water evaporates, the salts are deposited on the surface. Sometimes, when thesalts form below the surface of the material (cryptoflorescence), the embeddedsalts can create stresses leading to the failure of the material. For efflorescenceto occur, a source of salt and water to transport it must be present. Natural saltsare frequently found in the sand and stone aggregates used in concrete or stucco.Salts may also be introduced to the site through the soil or through fertilizersused on the adjacent plants and trees and fog off the bay. To arrest and correctthis problem, either the source of the salts or moisture needs to be investigatedand controlled.PART III: TREATMENTRECOMMENDATIONSPage & Turnbull29
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BUILDING 130TerraceBUILDING 13020
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EXTANT HISTORIC FEATURESRoad corrid
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MONTGOMERY ST.GRAHAM ST.MESA ST.FUN
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D. HISTORIC FLOOR PLANS AND SECTION
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Presidio Chapel Historic Structure Report - Presidio Trust

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