MDG Report 2012 - United Nations in Bangladesh

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At risk of becoming pregnant, not using contraception, and either do not want tobecome pregnant within the next two years, or are unsure if or when they want tobecome pregnant.Pregnant with a mistimed pregnancy.Postpartum amenorrhea for up to two years following a mistimed birth and notusing contraception.Women are considered to have unmet need for limiting if they are:At risk of becoming pregnant, not using contraception, and want no (more)children.Pregnant with an unwanted pregnancy.Postpartum amenorrhea for up to two years following an unwanted birth and notusing contraception.Women who are classified as in-fecund have no unmet need because they are not at risk ofbecoming pregnant.According to the latest available estimate, 13.5 percent of currently married women inBangladesh have an unmet need for family planning services, 5.4 percent for spacing ofbirths and 8.1 percent for limiting births (BDHS 2011).Unmet need for family planning decreases with increasing age, ranging from 17 percentamong women aged 15-19 to 8 percent among women aged 45-49. Women in rural areashave a higher unmet need (14 percent) than women in urban areas (11 percent). Unmet needis highest in Chittagong (21 percent) and lowest in Khulna and Rangpur (both 10 percent).Unmet need increased from 15 percent of currently married women in 2004 to 17 percent in2007 and then decreased to 14 percent in 2011. The BDHS 2011 reports that the demand forfamily planning services is 75 percent and the proportion of demand satisfied (totalcontraceptive use divided by the sum of total unmet need and total contraceptive use) is 82percent.Figure 6.8: Unmet Need for Family Planning: 1993-94 to 2011Source: BDHS 2011, NIPORT, MOHFW68
6.3 Challenges to Achieving the TargetsInadequate coordination between health, family planning and nutrition servicesprevent the effective use of limited resources and frequently result in inefficienciesand missed opportunities.Human resource capacities remain a major obstacle to quality health service delivery.Key challenges include acute shortage of manpower of all categories, insufficientskills-mix and insufficient numbers of health workers especially in the rural areas.Further progress with CPR will require consistent and reliable access tocontraceptives to reduce unmet need and dropout rates.Overall, public spending on health has remained relatively low due, in part, toconditionality in project aid and government procedures. Allocation of publicresources continue to be based on historical norms for facilities and staffing, ratherthan on accurate indicators of individual and household health needs, incidence ofpoverty, disease prevalence and population.Despite expansion of physical facilities, use of public health facilities by the poorremains low due to supply-side barriers such as lack of human resource capacities,inadequate drug supplies and logistics, and management inadequacies.Underlying socio-cultural factors contribute to the lack of knowledge about maternalhealth complications among women and families. Social marginalisation, low socioeconomicstatus of women and lack of control over their personal lives make itdifficult for many women to seek reproductive health care. Other contributing factorsinclude early marriage and child bearing, poor male involvement in reproductivehealth issues and poor community participation in issues relating to maternal health.For all indicators, with the exception of CPR, significant disparities is observed interms of the services women receive according to rural/urban residence, mother‟seducation level, household wealth status and geographic location. It remains a bigchallenge to reduce the regional disparities.The legal age of marriage in Bangladesh is 18 years for women, but a large proportionof marriages still take place before the legal age. Hence enforcement of the ChildMarriage Restraint Act 1984 remains a big challenge for Bangladesh.More than 90 percent of the poorest women have not been exposed to any familyplanning (FP) messages via mass media compared with half of the richer womenwho are more likely to own a television. This inequality hinders adoption of FPmethods among the poor.6.4 Way ForwardTo achieve the MDG5 goal and targets, Bangladesh must effectively address the three pillarswithin the health care system for reducing maternal deaths. These include: family planning(FP), skilled birth attendants (SBAs) and emergency obstetric care (EmOC).69
Page 1 and 2:
The Millennium Development GoalsBan
Page 3 and 4:
Foreword„Millennium Development G
Page 5 and 6:
MDG related progress reports/studie
Page 7 and 8:
List of TablesPage No.Table 2.1: Co
Page 9:
Figure 5.1: Trends of Under-Five Mo
Page 12 and 13:
IUCN International Union for Conser
Page 14 and 15:
Executive SummaryIt is encouraging
Page 16 and 17:
drowning, have emerged as a conside
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1IntroductionBuilding on th
Page 20 and 21: Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2Eradicate Extreme Poverty
Page 24 and 25: Indicator 1.1a: Proportion of popul
Page 26 and 27: In percentThe squared poverty gap,
Page 28 and 29: The information relating to growth
Page 30 and 31: Indicator 1.6: Proportion of employ
Page 32 and 33: There has been some improvement in
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.14: Per Capita per Day Cal
Page 36 and 37: livelihood components such as healt
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 3Achieve Universal Primary
Page 40 and 41: Indicator 2.2: Proportion of pupils
Page 42 and 43: environment and learning achievemen
Page 44 and 45: For mitigating the hurdles, importa
Page 46 and 47: 4.1 IntroductionBangladesh has alre
Page 48 and 49: double compared with what it was in
Page 50 and 51: Table 4.1: Participation of Labour
Page 52 and 53: to narrow the gap through intensive
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 5Reduce Child MortalityMDG
Page 56 and 57: the case of rural areas, the under-
Page 58 and 59: oth sexes. In the case of males, IM
Page 60 and 61: immunization campaigns, e.g., tetan
Page 62 and 63: MMR per 100,000 live births6.1 Intr
Page 64 and 65: %Figure 6.3: Trend of MMR of Bangla
Page 66 and 67: Survey 2011, on average, women have
Page 70 and 71: The life-cycle approach should be u
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 7Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria a
Page 74 and 75: Indicator 6.2: Condom use at last h
Page 76 and 77: Indicator 6.6b: Death rate associat
Page 78 and 79: Figure 7.1: DOTS Coverage and Treat
Page 80 and 81: The coverage of most at risk popula
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 8Ensure Environmental Susta
Page 84 and 85: Indicator 7.2: CO 2 emissions, tota
Page 86 and 87: Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity los
Page 88 and 89: systems. Table 8.4 shows the progre
Page 90 and 91: Table 8.6: Percentage of Urban Popu
Page 92 and 93: Development and implementation of s
Page 94 and 95: Goal, targets and indicators (as re
Page 96 and 97: US$ MillionYearTable 9.1: Trends in
Page 98 and 99: Table 9.3: ODA Received from the OE
Page 100 and 101: No quantitative information on this
Page 102 and 103: Indicator 8.15: Cellular subscriber
Page 104 and 105: Stimulating South-South trade still
Page 106 and 107: information and strategy on various
Page 108 and 109: Chapter 10The Journey towards Post-
Page 110 and 111: intensity of growth, institutional
Page 112 and 113: Social protection as an instrument
Page 114 and 115: MDG framework should be on acknowle
Page 116 and 117: Annexure116
Page 118 and 119:
Goals, targets and indicators (revi
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Goals, targets and indicators (revi
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Annex 2Some macroeconomic indicator
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Annex 3Some tables and figures rela
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Figure 3: Regional comparison of po
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Table 7: International comparison o
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Table 4: Adult literacy rate, 1991-
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Table 5: Proportion of female membe
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Table 3: Infant mortality rate (IMR
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Table 4: Vaccination coverage (meas
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6. Data related to MDG 6Table 1: In
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Table 2: International comparison o
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Annex 4POST 2015 DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
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21 January 2013 at the Planning Com
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support from the developed countrie
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TargetsIndicators1.4 Create opportu
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Targets3.4 Ensure sustainable suppl
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TargetsIndicatorsdiseases by typeGo
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Targets7.2 Reduce vulnerability of
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Goal 9: Promote sustainable product
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TargetsIndicators Percentage of non
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TargetsIndicators11.7 Strengthen pa
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MDG Report 2012 - United Nations in Bangladesh

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