PHARM 516 PHARMACOGNOSY-III (Advanced-I) [Th.]Cr. Hr.: 03 Marks: 1001. Separation and Isolation of Plant ConstituentsIntroduction and use of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques for theidentification of natural products. Description and interpretation of ultraviolet,infra-red, mass, nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR) spectraand other advance techniques to elucidate the structure of natural products.2. Carbohydrates and Related CompoundsIntroduction and classification of carbohydrates, sugars as adjuvant in drugs,role of impurities in sugar substances.(a)Sucrose and Sucrose containing drugs: Sucrose, Dextrose, Liquidglucose, Fructose, Lactose, Xylose, Caramel, Starch, Inulin, Dextrineetc.(b) Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives: Powdered cellulose,Microcrystalline cellulose, Methyl cellulose, Sodium Carboxy-methylcellulose.(c)Gums and Mucilage: Tragacanth, Acacia, Sodium Alginate, Agar,Pectin.3. AlkaloidsIntroduction, Properties, Cassification, Function of alkaloids in plants,Methods of extraction and identification tests.(a) Pyridine — Piperidine Alkaloids: Areca nut, Lobelia.(b) Tropane Alkaloids: Belladonna, Hyoscyamus, Stramonium.(c) Quinoline Alkaloids: Cinchona.(d) Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Ipecacuanha, Opium.(e) Indole alkaloids: Rauwolfia, catharanthus, nux vomica,physostigma,ergot.(f) Imidazole alkaloids: Pilocarpus.(g) Steroidal alkaloids: Veratrum.(h) Alkaloidal amines: Ephedra, colchicum.(i) Purine Bases: Tea, Coffee.4. GlycosidesIntroduction, classification, chemistry, extraction, isolation and medicinal usesof:(a) Cardioactive glycosides: Digitalis, Strophanthus and white squill.(b) Anthroquinone glycosides: Cascara, Aloe, Rhubarb, Cochineal andSenna.(c) Saponin glycosides: Glycyrrhiza, Sarsaparilla.(d) Cyanophore glycosides: Wild cherry.(e) Isothiocyanate glycosides: Black Mustard.(f) Lactone glycosides: Cantharide.(g) Aldehyde glycosides: Vanilla.(h) Miscellaneous glycosides: Gentian, Quassia, Dioscorea.52 | Pakistan Pharmacist Federation; www.pharmacistfed.pk,www.pharmafed.wordpress.com, www.pharmarev.com, info@pharmacistfed.pk,
5. Plant SteroidsIntroduction, extraction, isolation, nomenclature, sources and uses of bileacids, plant sterols, steroidal sapogenins, steroid hormones, withanolides andecdysons.6. LipidsIntroduction, classification, source, active constituents and pharmacological usesof:(a)(b)(c)Fixed Oils: Castor oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, coconut oil, Almond oil, Linseed oil,Mustard oil, Sesame oil and soybean oil.Fats and Related Compounds: Theobroma oil and Lanolin.Waxes: Bees wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti and Jojoba oil.PHARM 517 PHARMACOGNOSY-III (Advanced-I) [Lab.]Cr. Hr.: 01 Marks: 50NOTE:- Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on the basis ofthe above mentioned theoretical topics and availability of the facilities,e.g. Extraction of the active constituents of crude drugs and chemicaltests for their identification. Isolation and separation of activeconstituents of crude drugs by paper and thin layer chromatography.Also include the following experiments• Determination of Iodine value; Saponification value and unsaponifiablematter; ester value; Acid value.• Chemical tests for Acacia; Tragacanth; Agar; Starch; Lipids.(castor oil,sesameoil, shark liver oil,bees wax); Gelatin.(Note: A minimum of 10 practicals will be conducted)Recommended Books:1. Alkaloids, Manske R.H.F. Vol. V-XVI, Academic Press, New York (1955-1977).2. Atlas of Microscopy of Medicinal Plants, Culinary Herbs and Spices, Betty P. Jackson, CBSPublishers (2000).3. Ayurvedic Pharmacognosy,Partab Chauhan, Ed., Sonali Publications, New Delhi (2007).4. Baker B.M. and Bender D.A. Vitamins in Medicine, Vol. 1-2 (1980-82)5. Biologically Active Natural Products: Pharmaceuticals, Horace G. Cutler, Eds., IllustratedEdition, CRC Press Publisher, New York (2000).6. Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Mannito P., John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981).7. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals, Nornam G. Bisset, Ed., Medpharm ScientificPublishers, Stuttgart (1994).8. Herbs and Natural Supplements: An evidence-Based guide, Lesley Braun, Marc Cohen,Elsevier Mosby, London, (2005).53 | Pakistan Pharmacist Federation; www.pharmacistfed.pk,www.pharmafed.wordpress.com, www.pharmarev.com, info@pharmacistfed.pk,
- Page 1 and 2: NATIONAL CURRICULUM REVISIONCOMMITT
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Sources, structure, preparation, de
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