THE HARMONY OF VIRTUE

314 The Harmony of Virtueauthority; I believe there is no passage in which £Ûm (udyama) occurswhere it cannot be rendered by “effort”, “labour” or “preparation”. Heremoreover Mr. Apte is obviously wrong, for the sense of “fixed resolve”has already been given by /uveC^am( (dhruvecchÀm) and Kalidasais never tautologous, never expresses the same thing twice over ina line. Perhaps he intends us to take his next quotation, from the Panchatantra,in this sense £Ûmen ih is?yiNt kayaRi, n mnorqW" (udyamenahi sidhyanti kÀryÀÍi na manorathaiÕ). But the opposite to mnorqa"(manorathÀÕ), desires, is obviously not “perseverance” but “effort”.“It is by active effort and not by mere desires that accomplishment isreached.” For a more detailed discussion of this subject see Excursus.pyXc inMnai.mu%m( (payaÙca nimnÀbhimukham): Water whichhas set its face towards descent. py" (payaÕ) the general is here obviouslyused for p[vah (pravÀha) the particular.p[tIpyet( (pratÈpayet): the commentaries take in the sense of “turnback”, most definitely expressed by S. pXcat( p[calyet( (paÙcÀtpracÀlayet). Mallinath recognising that p[tIpyet( (pratÈpayet) primarilymeans £p[itk§lyet( (upratikÓlayet) “oppose”, gives that sense anddeduces from it p[itinvtRyet( (pratinivartayet). Apte also quotes thispassage to establish this sense of p[tIpy (pratÈpaya). This of courseis taking p[tIpy (pratÈpaya) = p[tIy' ² (pratÈyaÌ kÐ), p[tIp (pratÈpa)being “reverse, inverted”, e.g. in AM.samo`s'ro/" p[tIpgmnaidv (ambhasÀmoghasaÌrodhaÕpratÈpagamanÀdiva) (AnumIyte (anumÈyate)),Canto 2. 25. But p[tIp (pratÈpa) also and primarily means “adverse,hostile”, so p[tIpyit (pratÈpayati), p[tIp" .vit (pratÈpaÕ bhavati),“be hostile to, oppose”. It might possibly be taken in this sense herewithout Mallinath's deduction of “turn back”; the general nature of theproposition justifying the more general sense.6. Once she, the clear-minded, by the mouth of her personal friendbegged of her father not ignorant of her longing, that she might dwellin the forests there to practise austerity and meditation until she sawfruit of her desire.kdaict(ûûû mniSvnI (kadÀcit... manasvinÈ): Once, at a certain time.kiSm\iXct( kale gte sit (kasmiÌÙcit kÀle gate sati) says V. It certainlymeans that; but that is not the precise shade of expression usedby Kalidasa. kdaict( (kadÀcit) means “at a certain time”, and its fullforce is brought out by mniSvnI (manasvinÈ). The commentatorskdaicdasÞs%Imu%en sa mnorqD' iptr' mniSvnI -Ayactar