Electronic Proceedings - United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

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Conclusions Space Act well conceived Agency generally has authority necessary toaccomplish its mission When NASA requires additional authority,NASA approaches Congress with suggestedamendments• Space Act amended numerous times,e.g.: recentlyamended to provide Administrator with authority toindemnify contractors for experimental aerospacevehicles8/8/2003235
U.S. Commercial Space Transportation ActKen HodgkinsDeputy DirectorOffice of Space and Advanced TechnologyU.S. Department of StateAssuring reliable and affordable access to space through U.S. space transportationcapabilities is a fundamental goal of the United States. U.S. space transportation capabilitieshave continued to evolve since the beginning of the space age, both technically andinstitutionally. While at first limited to government vehicles, space transportation servicesused by the United States today are provided by a diverse mix of public and private sectorentities, both domestic and international.U.S. policy, law and regulation have evolved to encourage and adapt to greater diversityin the provision of space launch services. In particular, the United States has sought toencourage the growth of commercial launch services. In recent years, new technicaldevelopments and competitive customer demands have led to increased globalization in thecommercial space launch industry. The supply and demand for launch services and relatedfinancial and insurance services are increasingly international. This has led to the emergenceof international ventures and other partnerships, as well as new technologies.The basic U.S. legal framework for commercial space launch support was established in1984 with enactment of the Commercial Space Launch Act (CSLA). The law has beenamended several times, including the addition of reentry licensing authority over reusablelaunch vehicles. The CSLA is codified at 49 U.S. Code, Subtitle IX, Chapter 701. CSLAcontains the following stated findings and purposes:• “the development of commercial launch vehicles, reentry vehicles and associatedservices would enable the United States to retain its competitive position internationally,contributing to the national interest and economic well-being of the United States”;• “the United States should encourage private sector launches, reentries and associatedservices”; and• “only to the extent necessary, regulate those launches, reentries and services to ensurecompliance with international obligations of the United States and to protect the publichealth and safety, safety of property, and national security and foreign policy interestsof the United States.”This Act designated the U.S. Department of Transportation as the U.S. licensingauthority for commercial launch activities, and assigned it the following basic responsibilities:• “encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries by theprivate sector”; and• “take actions to facilitate private sector involvement in commercial space transportationactivity…”The CSLA authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to oversee, license, and regulatecommercial launch and reentry activities and the operation of launch and reentry sites carriedout by the U.S. citizens or within the United States. This authority is exercised today throughthe Federal Aviation Administration’s Associate Administrator for Commercial SpaceTransportation.236
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PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Internati
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ForewordThe proceedings of the Work
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Session 2: National space lawsThe A
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Opening StatementF.A.M. MajoorNethe
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Resolving Outer Space Related Dispu
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of the potential for widespread dam
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A unique feature of arbitrating und
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A second objective of this workshop
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international organizations of the
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was opened for signature on January
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space organizations have been made
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developing countries, briefly calle
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issues and objectives in this field
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In addition to regular items, some
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issue. And, the fourth suggestion m
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IThe liability convention is very e
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• Joint and several liability in
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This is also the case if we conside
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international designation number an
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The sequence of the Convention’s
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Joint United Nations/International
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The United Nations Register of Obje
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OPERATIVE PROVISIONS DEALING WITH R
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Note verbale dated 20 January 2000
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Note verbale dated 3 July 2000 from
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Note verbale dated 8 March 2001 fro
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Summary of Presentation• The ITU
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International Legal Regime for theM
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Relationship with UN LegalFramework
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The ITU Legal Regime for Space• C
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Article 44 of Constitution:• CS 1
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Overview of Processes1. Equitable a
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Some Problem Issues• Over filing
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Equity of Access• Concerns by dev
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United Nations / International Inst
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Why?general:• new methods of fina
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Who ?• manufacturers of satellite
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How ?• framework convention• Pr
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Space Protocol• assets out of rea
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“associated rights” - Art.I (2)
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The Supervisory Authority of the Re
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Situation end 2002• Convention ad
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EUMETSAT• Intergovernmental organ
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History cont’d• Secretariat- Fi
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Programmatic Development cont’d
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The EUMETSAT Convention• At first
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Lessons that could be learned• Le
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to invest, as well as being an acto
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Here document practice becomes easi
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The developing practice, due to the
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RICKY J. LEEThe Australian Space Ac
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Brazilian Launch Licensing and Auth
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It is worth noting that the same Ar
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specific space launching in the Bra
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Will the draft of law that the AEB
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5) Other Brazilian legal texts whic
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3) Departmental Regulations formula
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CNSAThe First AdministrativeRegulat
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CNSAHaving rapidly developed for ab
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CNSAThe Basic Legislation Mechanism
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CNSASpace Legislation in China‣ B
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CNSA‣ 16 articles consists of :1.
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CNSANational Registration Booklet-S
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CNSA-Within 60 days after the accom
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Page 195 and 196: - jurisdiction over space activitie
Page 197 and 198: and technique with a few central ac
Page 199 and 200: Annex IAct on Space Activities (198
Page 201 and 202: Russian SpaceLegislationUnited Nati
Page 203 and 204: The Role Of National Space Law•
Page 205 and 206: Institutional Structure President o
Page 207 and 208: Law “On Space Activity”Main imp
Page 209 and 210: RegistrationMandatory registration
Page 211 and 212: Liability Scope:- damage caused by
Page 213 and 214: ConclusionsCurrent trends to be put
Page 215 and 216: United Nations/International Instit
Page 217 and 218: The Outer Space Act1986• The Prin
Page 219 and 220: The main elements• Authorisation
Page 221 and 222: Right to recovercompensation• A s
Page 223 and 224: Shelter behind limitedliability?•
Page 225 and 226: Conclusion• Only modest thought w
Page 227 and 228: Capacity Buildingin Space LawPresen
Page 229 and 230: Space Act Origins -Political Climat
Page 231 and 232: Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
Page 233 and 234: Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
Page 235 and 236: Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
Page 237 and 238: Application ofSpace Act Section 203
Page 239 and 240: Application ofSpace Act Section 203
Page 241 and 242: International Cooperation Sec. 205:
Page 243: Application of Space Act Section 30
Page 247 and 248: communications, qualifications of k
Page 249 and 250: INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME&ITS POLICY D
Page 251 and 252: SPACE POLICY" ….. We are convince
Page 253 and 254: KEY ELEMENTS OF OUR STRATEGY• Jud
Page 255 and 256: EARTH OBSERVATION SYSTEMS"Science a
Page 257 and 258: 1995/199719992003IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (
Page 259 and 260: DRINKING WATERFOR NATIONBASE MAPLIT
Page 261 and 262: OFFGUJARATPOTENTIAL FISHINGZONE(IRS
Page 263 and 264: INDIAN NATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM(IN
Page 265 and 266: SPACE AND EDUCATIONVideo+AudioAudio
Page 267 and 268: Launcher DevelopmentAn inevitable c
Page 269 and 270: PSLV- C4 / METSAT MISSIONThe Sevent
Page 271 and 272: Space Sciences• Executive Arms :-
Page 273: ASTROSAT - FUTURE SPACE SCIENCEUV/O
Page 276 and 277: AT WHAT COST?ISRO SPENT AROUND $ 40
Page 278 and 279: Space Academia PartnershipObjective
Page 280 and 281: # ROORKEE#NEW DELHI#UJJAIN"# MUMBAI
Page 282 and 283: SPACE INDUSTRY POLICYPresent Policy
Page 284 and 285: COMMERCIAL ACHIEVEMENTSHigh Resolut
Page 286 and 287: The Past• Establishment & Dedicat
Page 288 and 289: INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION• Activ
Page 290 and 291: INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATIONSHARES :
Page 292: MISSIONS2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 200
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International Remote SensingLaw Arg
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International Remote Sensing Law Pr
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International Remote Sensing Lawand
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1986 U.N. Remote Sensing© Gabrynow
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1986 U.N. Remote SensingPrinciplesA
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The Outer Space Treatyand Remote Se
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The Liability Conventionand Remote
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International Remote Sensing LawQue
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One of the important aspects of the
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infrastructure directly communicati
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with other networks, stipulate pric
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takes a space resource for the bene
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4. REGULATION OF CONTENTNaturally,
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7.2 Conditions for Encouraging Priv
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Characteristics of Satellite Commun
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Encouraging Private Space Communica
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Encouraging Private Space Communica
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Policy and Regulatory Consideration
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Policy and Regulatory Consideration
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Insurance and Reinsurance Insurance
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History of Space Insurance1965: Ear
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Some Characteristics of Space Insur
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Space Insurance - Types of Coverage
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Launch CoveragePlaced in specialist
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In-Orbit Coverage IIHigher risk of
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Specialist Space Insurance Market I
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Third Party Liability Coverage II C
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So, what about the law ? No specifi
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Thank you for your attention.P. Rua
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IntroductionThe successful promotio
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2. Domestic Licenses and Concession
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3. Grant and Perfection of Security
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4. Public Support of Infrastructure
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5. Domestic Tax RulesBackgrounddome
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6. Export Control of TechnologyBack
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7. Insurance Coverage Principles -
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United Nations/International Instit
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Capacity Building in Space LawThe H
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What is Intellectual Property (IP)?
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Relevance of IP to SpaceActivities
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• 1967 Outer Space Treaty- No IPR
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Paris Convention Article 5 5ter•
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Protection of Databases• WIPO Cop
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Conclusion• IP is an essential pa
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Space Policy and Institutionsin the
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National Space Programme(2000~2015)
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National Space Programme(2000~2015)
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Ⅱ. Ⅱ. Space related government
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Space Organizations and Institution
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Space Organizations and Institution
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Major Space Programmes KOMPSAT-1 (K
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Major Space Programmes KITSAT-1, 2,
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Major Space Programmes KOREASAT-1,
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Major Space Programmes Korea Soundi
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Major Space Programmes Space Center
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National Space Law in Korea Present
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Space Policy and Institutions in Ma
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Educating the nation in space law a
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Indian Space Law and Policy:A Priva
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• Land boundaries: more than 14,0
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Accordingly, the Department of Spac
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Republic of Korea, Ecuador, and Tha
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that, according to press reports, o
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The reason for my firm belief is th
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MODERN SPACE ACTIVITIES• Dr. Vikr
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INVOLVEMENT OF PRIVATE SECTORIS AN
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INTERNATIONALRESPONSIBILITY FOR PRI
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SKELETAL PROVISIONS INNORMS,GUIDELI
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FUTURE COURSE OFACTION• Enactment
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ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
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What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
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N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
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Levels and standardisedformatsINTER
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Graduate coursesINTERNATIONAL INSTI
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The Leiden exampleINTERNATIONAL INS
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Special formatsINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
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Summer coursesINTERNATIONAL INSTITU
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Website & InternetrelatedtoolsINTER
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Scholarships - a few tips(1)INTERNA
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Scholarships -governmental actionIN
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foreign legal issues and law, rangi
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Presentation on the Educational Pro
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gained directly from such a step, s
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The link between ESA and ECSL is ev
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place at the ESA headquarters in Pa
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Both are more engineering oriented,
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The European Centre for Space Law (
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The need for an ECSLBy the end of t
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ECSL CharterArticle 2: 2• ECSL as
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The ECSL educational programme• A
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The ECSL educational programme• A
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Other ECSL activities• Organizati
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Conclusions : The results of ECSL12
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means promoting the distribution an
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Time does not permit me to give too
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national defense law, etc.). An ana
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ISU Activities in Space LawPhilippe
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ISU Programs• Master of Space Stu
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Depth“3-I” Education Concept (2
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Added Value (2): “3-I” Educatio
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Master of Space Studies (MSS)• Po
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Cooperation ISU / Univ. Paris 11Aft
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Annual International SymposiumA dif
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Status of Space Law, Policy and Ins
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5. - ConclusionArgentina has shown,
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The Teaching ofSpace Law- Argentine
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ArgentineExperience1950:I.N.D.A.E.1
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ArgentineExperience- Today:Name of
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ArgentineExperiencePrincipal Progra
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Dr. OscarFernandez BritalSchool of
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Satellite photograph from Argentina
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There is a need to know and to have
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The reasons and the diagnostic are
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As far as the IV CEA is concerned,
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13. Conscious of the progress made
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(c) Identify sources of funding fro
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egions. Morocco has also organized
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Capacities building in space lawCas
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The Royal Center for Remote Sensing
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Services to support users• The CR
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A particular importance to the COPU
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The awarenessMorocco continues its
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The technical needs UN or Agencies
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o The themes of the workshop The Un
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and to the participation of Slovak
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Space policy and institutionsUrugua
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Observations and Recommendations of
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D. Future WorkThe Government of the
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14:00 - 14:30 The International Tel
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WEDNESDAY20 NOVEMBER 2002SESSION 2N
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CONCLUSIONS OF THE WORKSHOPChair:V.
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Printed in AustriaV.03-87239—Sept
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