Electronic Proceedings - United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

4. Public Support of Infrastructure Projects – cont’dIssueswhile these agencies have provided critical support for satellite infrastructure projectsrequiring financing for satellite manufacture and launch services, procedures andapprovals can be lengthy and politicizedrecent examples: – Shin Satellite – iPSTAR– Satelites Mexicanos – SatmexPPPs (Public Private Partnerships) and (U.K.) PFIs (Private Finance Initiatives) continueto draw attention, particularly for large infrastructure projects with public service featuresPPP is a general term for a variety of relationships between the public and private sectorswhere the government could act as concession grantor, facilitator, shareholder, guarantor,promoter or joint venturerthere is inherent complexity in the structure, including such factors as extent ofcompetition, accounting treatment, project risk allocation, pricing and payment structures,usage risk, termination rights and bankabilitymost prominent recent example: Galileo (concession-based PPP model)359Milbank