Electronic Proceedings - United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

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The United Nations Register of ObjectsLaunched into Outer SpaceApplication of Article I of the Registration Convention:Definition of space object:"The term "space object" includes component parts of a space object as well as itslaunch vehicle and parts thereof"Dilemma:Should States register all objects launched into outer space, including non-functionalobjects and so called space debris which may be created long time after the launch(by explosions, collisions, etc.).Does every State of registry have a capacity to monitor such objects in space?Present situation:USA: Announcing all objects, including newly discovered space debris. Providinginformation also about their decay in the atmosphere;Russian Federation: Only launch and decay of functional objects is announced;China, France and India: In addition to functional objects, information is sometimesprovided on last stages of launchers, but never on space debris.45
The United Nations Register of ObjectsLaunched into Outer SpaceApplication of Article II of the Registration Convention:Definition of the State of Registry:The term "State of registry" means a launching State on whose registry a spaceobject is carried...Where there are two or more launching States in respect of any such space object,they shall jointly determine which one of them shall register the object.Problem No. 1:There are some violations of the provision that the space object should be registeredonly by one State:USA & India: Insat 1A and its launcher rocket (1982-031A and B, 1983-089C), Insat 1D (1990-051A)USA & UK: UOSAT 1 (1981-100B), ICO 2 (2001-026A)USA & France: TOPEX/POSEIDON (1992-052A)USA & ESA: ESA-GEOS 1 (1977-029A), EXOSAT (1983-051A), ULYSSES (1990-090B)USA & Argentina: SAC-B (1996-061A), SAC-C (2000-075B)USA & Sweden: Munin (2000-075C)USA & Russian Federation: Reflektor (2001-056E)USA & Germany: Grace 1 and 2 (2002-012A and B)China & Brazil: CBERS 1 and SACI 1 (1999-057A and B)Not registered:ZARYA (1st ISS module - 1998-067A): launched by Russian Federation for USA(marked as "American registration" in the document ST/SG/SER.E/354).46
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PROCEEDINGSUnited Nations/Internati
Page 4 and 5: ForewordThe proceedings of the Work
Page 8 and 9: Session 2: National space lawsThe A
Page 10 and 11: Opening StatementF.A.M. MajoorNethe
Page 12 and 13: Resolving Outer Space Related Dispu
Page 14 and 15: of the potential for widespread dam
Page 16 and 17: A unique feature of arbitrating und
Page 18 and 19: A second objective of this workshop
Page 20 and 21: international organizations of the
Page 22 and 23: was opened for signature on January
Page 24 and 25: space organizations have been made
Page 27 and 28: developing countries, briefly calle
Page 29 and 30: issues and objectives in this field
Page 31 and 32: In addition to regular items, some
Page 33 and 34: issue. And, the fourth suggestion m
Page 35 and 36: IThe liability convention is very e
Page 37 and 38: • Joint and several liability in
Page 39 and 40: This is also the case if we conside
Page 41 and 42: international designation number an
Page 43 and 44: The sequence of the Convention’s
Page 45 and 46: Joint United Nations/International
Page 47 and 48: The United Nations Register of Obje
Page 53: The United Nations Register of Obje
Page 69 and 70: OPERATIVE PROVISIONS DEALING WITH R
Page 71 and 72: Note verbale dated 20 January 2000
Page 73 and 74: Note verbale dated 3 July 2000 from
Page 75 and 76: Note verbale dated 8 March 2001 fro
Page 77 and 78: Summary of Presentation• The ITU
Page 79 and 80: International Legal Regime for theM
Page 81 and 82: Relationship with UN LegalFramework
Page 83 and 84: The ITU Legal Regime for Space• C
Page 85 and 86: Article 44 of Constitution:• CS 1
Page 87 and 88: Overview of Processes1. Equitable a
Page 89 and 90: Some Problem Issues• Over filing
Page 91 and 92: Equity of Access• Concerns by dev
Page 93 and 94: United Nations / International Inst
Page 95 and 96: Why?general:• new methods of fina
Page 97 and 98: Who ?• manufacturers of satellite
Page 99 and 100: How ?• framework convention• Pr
Page 101 and 102: Space Protocol• assets out of rea
Page 103 and 104: “associated rights” - Art.I (2)
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The Supervisory Authority of the Re
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Situation end 2002• Convention ad
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EUMETSAT• Intergovernmental organ
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History cont’d• Secretariat- Fi
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Programmatic Development cont’d
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The EUMETSAT Convention• At first
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Lessons that could be learned• Le
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to invest, as well as being an acto
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Here document practice becomes easi
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The developing practice, due to the
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RICKY J. LEEThe Australian Space Ac
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Brazilian Launch Licensing and Auth
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It is worth noting that the same Ar
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specific space launching in the Bra
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Will the draft of law that the AEB
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5) Other Brazilian legal texts whic
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3) Departmental Regulations formula
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CNSAThe First AdministrativeRegulat
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CNSAHaving rapidly developed for ab
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CNSAThe Basic Legislation Mechanism
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CNSASpace Legislation in China‣ B
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CNSA‣ 16 articles consists of :1.
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CNSANational Registration Booklet-S
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CNSA-Within 60 days after the accom
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CNSAThank Youfor Your Attention !18
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- jurisdiction over space activitie
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and technique with a few central ac
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Annex IAct on Space Activities (198
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Russian SpaceLegislationUnited Nati
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The Role Of National Space Law•
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Institutional Structure President o
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Law “On Space Activity”Main imp
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RegistrationMandatory registration
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Liability Scope:- damage caused by
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ConclusionsCurrent trends to be put
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United Nations/International Instit
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The Outer Space Act1986• The Prin
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The main elements• Authorisation
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Right to recovercompensation• A s
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Shelter behind limitedliability?•
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Conclusion• Only modest thought w
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Capacity Buildingin Space LawPresen
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Space Act Origins -Political Climat
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Space Act Origins - CivilianSpace A
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Scope of theSpace Act Act carefully
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Section 203(a): NASA shall:Applicat
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Application ofSpace Act Section 203
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Application ofSpace Act Section 203
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International Cooperation Sec. 205:
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Application of Space Act Section 30
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U.S. Commercial Space Transportatio
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communications, qualifications of k
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INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME&ITS POLICY D
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SPACE POLICY" ….. We are convince
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KEY ELEMENTS OF OUR STRATEGY• Jud
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EARTH OBSERVATION SYSTEMS"Science a
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1995/199719992003IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (
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DRINKING WATERFOR NATIONBASE MAPLIT
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OFFGUJARATPOTENTIAL FISHINGZONE(IRS
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INDIAN NATIONAL SATELLITE SYSTEM(IN
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SPACE AND EDUCATIONVideo+AudioAudio
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Launcher DevelopmentAn inevitable c
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PSLV- C4 / METSAT MISSIONThe Sevent
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Space Sciences• Executive Arms :-
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ASTROSAT - FUTURE SPACE SCIENCEUV/O
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AT WHAT COST?ISRO SPENT AROUND $ 40
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Space Academia PartnershipObjective
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# ROORKEE#NEW DELHI#UJJAIN"# MUMBAI
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SPACE INDUSTRY POLICYPresent Policy
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COMMERCIAL ACHIEVEMENTSHigh Resolut
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The Past• Establishment & Dedicat
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INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION• Activ
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INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATIONSHARES :
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MISSIONS2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 200
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International Remote SensingLaw Arg
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International Remote Sensing Law Pr
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International Remote Sensing Lawand
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1986 U.N. Remote Sensing© Gabrynow
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1986 U.N. Remote SensingPrinciplesA
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The Outer Space Treatyand Remote Se
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The Liability Conventionand Remote
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International Remote Sensing LawQue
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One of the important aspects of the
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infrastructure directly communicati
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with other networks, stipulate pric
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takes a space resource for the bene
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4. REGULATION OF CONTENTNaturally,
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7.2 Conditions for Encouraging Priv
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Characteristics of Satellite Commun
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Encouraging Private Space Communica
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Encouraging Private Space Communica
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Policy and Regulatory Consideration
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Policy and Regulatory Consideration
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Insurance and Reinsurance Insurance
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History of Space Insurance1965: Ear
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Some Characteristics of Space Insur
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Space Insurance - Types of Coverage
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Launch CoveragePlaced in specialist
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In-Orbit Coverage IIHigher risk of
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Specialist Space Insurance Market I
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Third Party Liability Coverage II C
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So, what about the law ? No specifi
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Thank you for your attention.P. Rua
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IntroductionThe successful promotio
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2. Domestic Licenses and Concession
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3. Grant and Perfection of Security
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4. Public Support of Infrastructure
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5. Domestic Tax RulesBackgrounddome
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6. Export Control of TechnologyBack
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7. Insurance Coverage Principles -
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Capacity Building in Space LawThe H
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What is Intellectual Property (IP)?
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Relevance of IP to SpaceActivities
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• 1967 Outer Space Treaty- No IPR
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Paris Convention Article 5 5ter•
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Protection of Databases• WIPO Cop
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Conclusion• IP is an essential pa
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Space Policy and Institutionsin the
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National Space Programme(2000~2015)
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National Space Programme(2000~2015)
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Ⅱ. Ⅱ. Space related government
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Space Organizations and Institution
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Space Organizations and Institution
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Major Space Programmes KOMPSAT-1 (K
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Major Space Programmes KITSAT-1, 2,
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Major Space Programmes KOREASAT-1,
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Major Space Programmes Korea Soundi
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Major Space Programmes Space Center
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National Space Law in Korea Present
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Space Policy and Institutions in Ma
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Educating the nation in space law a
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Indian Space Law and Policy:A Priva
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• Land boundaries: more than 14,0
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Accordingly, the Department of Spac
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Republic of Korea, Ecuador, and Tha
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that, according to press reports, o
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The reason for my firm belief is th
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MODERN SPACE ACTIVITIES• Dr. Vikr
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INVOLVEMENT OF PRIVATE SECTORIS AN
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INTERNATIONALRESPONSIBILITY FOR PRI
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SKELETAL PROVISIONS INNORMS,GUIDELI
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FUTURE COURSE OFACTION• Enactment
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ContentsINTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OFA
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What is ‘space law’? (2)INTERNA
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N.B.: ‘space activities’INTERNA
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Levels and standardisedformatsINTER
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Graduate coursesINTERNATIONAL INSTI
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The Leiden exampleINTERNATIONAL INS
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Special formatsINTERNATIONAL INSTIT
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Summer coursesINTERNATIONAL INSTITU
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Website & InternetrelatedtoolsINTER
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Scholarships - a few tips(1)INTERNA
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Scholarships -governmental actionIN
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foreign legal issues and law, rangi
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Presentation on the Educational Pro
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gained directly from such a step, s
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The link between ESA and ECSL is ev
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place at the ESA headquarters in Pa
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Both are more engineering oriented,
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The European Centre for Space Law (
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The need for an ECSLBy the end of t
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ECSL CharterArticle 2: 2• ECSL as
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The ECSL educational programme• A
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The ECSL educational programme• A
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Other ECSL activities• Organizati
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Conclusions : The results of ECSL12
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means promoting the distribution an
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Time does not permit me to give too
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national defense law, etc.). An ana
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ISU Activities in Space LawPhilippe
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ISU Programs• Master of Space Stu
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Depth“3-I” Education Concept (2
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Added Value (2): “3-I” Educatio
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Master of Space Studies (MSS)• Po
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Cooperation ISU / Univ. Paris 11Aft
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Annual International SymposiumA dif
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Status of Space Law, Policy and Ins
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5. - ConclusionArgentina has shown,
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The Teaching ofSpace Law- Argentine
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ArgentineExperience1950:I.N.D.A.E.1
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ArgentineExperience- Today:Name of
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ArgentineExperiencePrincipal Progra
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Dr. OscarFernandez BritalSchool of
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Satellite photograph from Argentina
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There is a need to know and to have
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The reasons and the diagnostic are
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As far as the IV CEA is concerned,
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13. Conscious of the progress made
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(c) Identify sources of funding fro
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egions. Morocco has also organized
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Capacities building in space lawCas
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The Royal Center for Remote Sensing
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Services to support users• The CR
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A particular importance to the COPU
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The awarenessMorocco continues its
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The technical needs UN or Agencies
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o The themes of the workshop The Un
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and to the participation of Slovak
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Space policy and institutionsUrugua
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Observations and Recommendations of
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D. Future WorkThe Government of the
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14:00 - 14:30 The International Tel
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WEDNESDAY20 NOVEMBER 2002SESSION 2N
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CONCLUSIONS OF THE WORKSHOPChair:V.
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Printed in AustriaV.03-87239—Sept
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