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Routing Update in Ad Hoc NetworksBenjamin Macabéo, Samuel Pierre, and Alejandro QuinteroMobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory (LARIM)Department of Computer Engineering, École Polytechnique de MontréalC.P. 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3A7{Benjamin.Macabeo,Samuel.Pierre,Alejandro.Quintero}@polymtl.caTel. (514) 340-3240 ext. 4685, Fax. (514) 340-3240Abstract. Contrary to cellular networks, ad-hoc networks are a form of mobilenetworks that function without any fixed infrastructure. This paper proposes amethod which improves routing success rates in mobile ad hoc networks. Thismethod is based on the density of the nodes in the neighborhood of a route andon the availability of this neighborhood. The results obtained are encouraging:the data packet loss rate is significantly reduced and the time required to completea local repair route following a failure decreased significantly.Index Terms: mobile ad hoc networks, route repair, AODV1 IntroductionAn ad hoc network is a mobile wireless network composed of several mobile nodes,likely to communicate together without the required intervention of any centralizedmanagement or existing infrastructure. The nodes of these networks must be able tocooperate among themselves to allow communication. The deployment of ad hocnetworks is thus largely simplified compared to other forms of mobile networks.This paper suggests a method which improves the probabilities of success of a localroute repair in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) by accelerating the process ofroute reparation after the departure of a node included in the route. Section 2 introducessome background information and related work. Section 3 describes the solutionsuggested to improve route repairs. Finally, Section 4 presents and analyzessimulation results.2 Background and Related WorkA routing protocol is a mechanism by which user traffic is directed and transportedthrough a network from a source node to its destination node. It aims to maximizenetwork performance from an application point of view while minimizing the costimposed on the network in terms of capacity. QoS (Quality of Service) routing protocolssearch routes with sufficient resources for QoS requirements [3, 7].S. Pierre, M. Barbeau, and E. Kranakis (Eds.): ADHOC-NOW 2003, LNCS 2865, pp. 277–280, 2003.© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
278 B. Macabéo, S. Pierre, and A. Quintero2.1 Best Effort ProtocolsDSDV (Destination Sequenced Distance Vector) is a best effort protocol designedspecially for MANETs [4]. It belongs to the class of proactive protocols and uses aversion of the distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm which is adapted to ad hoc networks.The routing information associated to each node of the network is recorded ina routing table by each mobile station.AODV (Ad hoc On Demand Vector) represents an improvement of DSDV [5]. Infact, to synthesize, it takes the advantages of DSDV but limits bandwidth consumption.2.2 QoS Routing ProtocolsIn MANET, a route is defined as set of mobile units that contributes to data transmissionfrom source to destination. Quality of service (QoS) consists of a set ofcharacteristics or constraints (bandwidth, hop count, delay, throughput, packet lossrate, etc.) that a connection must guarantee between a source and a destination duringthe communication to meet the requirements of an application [1].With the increasing number of applications requiring a certain QoS, the success ofmobile ad hoc networks relies heavily on their ability to provide routing protocols thattake into account QoS [2, 6].3 Routing Protocol in Ad Hoc NetworksThe routing protocol used here is based on a routing algorithm initiated by the sourcethat takes into account QoS in terms of bandwidth consumption. If a failure occursduring the communication between two nodes, two scenarios can be used to repair theroute: a global route repair and a local route repair. A global route repair starts fromthe source of communication. Although it requires significant time and consumesmuch bandwidth, this solution is used in most routing protocols. A local route repairstarts from a node in the neighborhood of the link where the failure occurred. Thislatter solution offers two advantages: its speed and its low bandwidth consumption.3.1 Protocol for Route RepairOur objective aims to ensure the selection of the most easily reparable route amongthose extracted from the route discovery phase. To achieve this goal, we recommendtaking into account the nature of the neighboring nodes composing the network, moreparticularly the node density and their availability. The reparation of a route in case offailure can be carried out through local route repair.We use the availability parameter to establish the ability of a Node A to replaceNode B. The availability of a node depends on the nature of the node, the number ofpackets forwarded by the node as well as their capacity.We define the density of a node λ as the number of direct neighbors of λ whoseavailable bandwidth is higher than that required by the connection. The density parameteris completely specified by a node and the bandwidth associated with thatnode.
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2
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Samuel Pierre Michel BarbeauEvangel
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PrefaceAd Hoc Networks are wireless
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Program CommitteeG. Alonso, ETHZ, S
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