Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis of Apomixis - cimmyt

Ge..tk Eagloeeri.g .1 Ap.mlxi. io Se..al Ct.,.: A(ritkal A.........' .1 the Apamlli. Tedooology 241necessary (i) to characterize the genetic reproduction through seeds in apomicticregulation of apomixis and isolate the systems and sexual crops," coordinated by T.responsible genes, (ii) to analyze the genetic Dresselhaus). In 1999, a transatlanticand molecular bases of sexual reproduction consortium was initiated between two publicand to isolate the corresponding genes, and institutions (CIMMYT and IRD) and three(iii) to produce the tissue/cell-specific and private companies (pioneer Hi-Bred, Novartis,inducible/repressible promoters that will be and Group Limagrain). This is just a beginningneeded to control the expression of the target and more concerted projects are needed ingenes. Concerted international research efforts order to reach the ambitious aim ofhave been made in Europe aimed at manipulating the apomixis trait in crops.understanding apomictic and sexualApomixis technology will offer many excitingreproduction pathways in order to developopportunities for the agriculture of the 21 sftools for the manipulation of the apomicticcentury, and indeed many patents alreadytrait (e.g., an E.U. Research Technology andhave been filed with many more yet to come.Development (RTD) project entitled "TheIt is critically important that these patents bemanipulation of apomixis for theheld and used for the good of all. Publicimprovement of tropical forages," coordinatedinstitutions in particular must safeguard theby M. D. Hayward; a RTD project entitledaccess of developing countries to these"Apomixis in agriculture: a molecularenabling technologies. In all likelihood,approach," coordinated by M. van Lookerenconstraints to the broad and generous use ofCampagne; and a Concerted Action Projectapomixis technology will be political andentitled "Introducing and controlling asexualeconomic rather than technical in the future.ReferencesBlakey, CA., CL Dewald, and S.L Goldman. Colombo, L, 1. Franken, A.R. Von der Krol, PE.1997. Co-segregation of DNA markers with Wittich, HJ. Dons, and G.C Angenent.Adams, S., R. Vinkenoog, M. Spielman, H.G.Tripsacum fertility. Moydica 42: 363-69. 1997. Dawnregulotion of ovule-specificDickinson, and RJ. Scott. 2000. Porent-of­Caddick, M.X., AJ. Greenland, I. Jepson, K.P.MADS box genes from petunia results inorigin effects on seed development inKrouse, N. Qu, K.V. Riddell, M.G. Solter, W. maternally controlled defects in seedArabidapsis thaliana require DNASchuch, U. Sonnewold, and A.8. Tomsett. development. Plant Cell 9: 703-15.methylation. Development 127: 2493­1998. 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