Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis of Apomixis - cimmyt
Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis of Apomixis - cimmyt
Chapter 5 Genetic Analysis of Apomixis - cimmyt
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vii189 <strong>Genetic</strong> Screens For Mutants Displaying Apomictic Traits In Sexual Model Systems189 Arabidopsis Mutants with Autonomous Seed Development191 Screen for Pseudogamous <strong>Apomixis</strong> in Cereals192 Enhancer Detection as a Powerful Tool to Study Sexual Reproduction in Arabidopsis192 Enhancer Detection and Gene Trap Systems193 Generation <strong>of</strong> Transposants and Ongoing Screens195 Identification <strong>of</strong> Developmentally Regulated Genes and Their Promoters196 Introduction <strong>of</strong> <strong>Apomixis</strong> into Sexual Species196 Introgression and <strong>Genetic</strong> Synthesis199 De novo Engineering through Biotechnology200 Field-Level Regulation <strong>of</strong> Apomictic Traits201 Conclusions and Prospects202 Acknowledgments202 ReferencesCHAPTER 13. INDUCfION OF ApOMIXIS IN SEXUAL PLANTS BY MUTAGENESIS(UTA PRAEKELT AND ROD ScOTT)212 Introduction213 Considerations213 Components <strong>of</strong> <strong>Apomixis</strong>213 1. Avoidance <strong>of</strong> meiosis213 2. Formation <strong>of</strong> aposporous embryo sacs213 3. Parthenogenesis214 4. Endosperm development214 <strong>Genetic</strong> Control <strong>of</strong> <strong>Apomixis</strong>215 How Important is Polyploidy?215 The Problem <strong>of</strong> the Endosperm216 Which Mutagen?217 Some Early Work with Mutants217 Induction <strong>of</strong> Sexuality in Apomicts218 Mutants <strong>of</strong> Sexual Plants with Apomictic Characteristics218 1. Meiotic mutants219 2. Parthenogenetic mutants219 3. Aposporous mutants220 4. Conclusions220 Current Approaches to the Isolation <strong>of</strong> Apomictic Mutants in Model Sexual Plants221 Screning for Elongated siliques in the Absence <strong>of</strong> Pollination222 Screening for Dominant Mutations in the M 1after Pollination225 Transposon Mutagenesis for the Isolation <strong>of</strong>Apomictic Mutants <strong>of</strong> Arabidopsis and Petunia225 Branching Out in the Brassicas226 Conclusions and Perspectives227 ReferencesCHAPTER 14. GENETIC ENGINEERING OF ApOMIXIS IN SEXUAL CROPS: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENTOF THE ApOMIXIS TECHNOLOGY(THOMAS DRESSELHAUS, JOHN G. CARMAN, AND YVES SAVIDAN)229 Introduction230 Transfer <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Apomixis</strong> Trait to Sexual Crops230 Breeding and Introgression from Wild Relatives231 Mutagenesis Approaches232 Known Gene Approaches236 Transformation and Inducible Promoter Systems237 Main Limitations238 Intellectual Property Rights (lPR)239 Risk Assessment Studies240 Summary241 References
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