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192Comunicar, 39, XX, 2012BIRESSI, A. & NUNN, H. (2005). Reality TV. Realism and revelation.London: Wallflower Press.BORDWELL, D. & THOMPSON, C. (1995). El arte cinematográfico.Barcelona: Paidós.CÁCERES, M.D. (2002). «Operación Triunfo» o el restablecimientodel orden social. Zer, 13.CASETTI, F. & DI CHIO, F. (1999). Análisis de la televisión. Bar -celona: Paidós.CASTAÑARES, W. (2006). La televisión moralista. Valores y sentimientosen el discurso televisivo. Madrid: Fragua.CEBRIÁN, M. (2003). Estrategia multimedia de la televisión en«Ope ración Triunfo». Madrid: Ciencia 3.COURTÉS, J. (1980). Introducción a la semiótica narrativa y discursiva.Buenos Aires: Hachette.DYER, R. (1986). Heavently Bodies. Film Stars and Society. Lon -don: MacMillan Press.DYER, R. (2001). Las estrellas cinematográficas. Historia, ideología,estética. Barcelona: Paidós.ECO, U. (1981). Lector in fabula. Barcelona: Lumen.EGENFELDT-NIELSEN, S., HEIDE SMITH, J. & PAJARES TOSCA, S.(2008), Understanding Video Games. London: Routledge.FOUCE, H. (2008). No es lo mismo. Audiencias activas y públicosmasivos en la era de la música digital. In M. DE AGUILERA, J.E.ADELL & A. SEDEÑO (Eds.), Comunicación y música II. Tecnologíay audiencias (pp. 111-134). Barcelona: UOC Press.GAMSON, J. (1994). Claims to Fame. Celebrity in ContemporaryAmerica. Berkeley: University of California Press.GAUDREAULT, A. & JOST, F. (1995). El relato cinematográfico. Ci -ne y narratología. Barcelona: Paidós.GREIMAS, A.J. (1971). Semántica estructural. Investigación metodológica.Madrid: Gredos.HEARN, A. (2006). John, a 20-year-old Boston Native with aGreat Sense of Humor. On the Spectacularization of the «Self» andthe Incorporation of Identity in the Age of Reality Television. In P.D.MAR SHALL (Ed.). The Celebrity Culture Reader (pp. 618-633).Lon don: Routledge.HENDERSHOT, H. (2009). Belabored Reality. Making it Work onThe Simple Life and Project Runway. In S. MURRAY & L. OUELLE -TTE (Eds.), Reality TV. Remaking Television Culture (pp. 243-259).New York: New York University Press.HOLMES, S. (2004a). «Reality Goes Pop!». Reality TV, PopularMusic, and Narratives of Stardom in Pop Idol. Television & NewMedia, 5, 2, 147-172.HOLMES, S. (2004b). All You’ve Got to Worry about is the Task,Having a Cup of Tea, and Doing a bit of Sunbathing. ApproachingCelebrity in Big Brother. In S. HOLMES & D. JERMYN (Eds.), Un der -standing Reality Television (pp. 111-135). London: Routled ge.HOLMES, S. & REDMON, S. (2006). Introduction. UnderstandingCe lebrity Culture. In S. HOLMES & S. REDMON (Eds.), Framing Ce -le brity. New Directions in Celebrity Culture (pp. 1-16). London:Routledge.JUUL, J. (2005). Half-Real. Videogames between Real Rules andFictional Worlds. Cambridge, London: MIT Press.KOZLOFF, S. (1992). Narrative Theory and Television. In ALLEN,R.C. (Ed.), Channels of Discourse, Reassembled. Television andCon temporary Criticism (pp. 67-100). London: Routledge.MARSHALL, P.D. (1997). Celebrity and Power. Fame in Contem po -rary Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.OLIVA, M. (2010). Disciplinar la realitat. Narratives, models i va -lors dels «realities» de transformació. Barcelona: Tesis doctoral,Uni versitat Pompeu Fabra. (www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/7272)(22- 06-2011).OUELLETTE, L. & HAY, J. (2008). Better Living through RealityTV. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.PÉREZ-LATORRE, O. (2010). Análisis de la significación del video -jue go. Fundamentos teóricos del juego, el mundo narrativo y laenunciación interactiva como perspectivas de estudio del discurso.Barcelona: Tesis doctoral, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. (www.tesis -en red.net/handle/10803/7273) (22-06-2011).PÉREZ-ORNIA, J.R. (2004). El anuario de la televisión 2004. Ma -drid: GECA.REDDEN, G. (2008). Making over the Talent Show. In G. PALMER(Ed.), Exposing Lifestyle Television. The Big Reveal (pp. 129-143).Aldershot: Ashgate.RUIZ-COLLANTES, X., FERRÉS, J. & AL. (2006). La imatge pública dela immigració en les sèries de televisió. Quaderns del CAC, 23-24,103-126.RUIZ-COLLANTES, X. (2009). Anexo. Aportaciones metodológicas.Parrillas de análisis: estructuras narrativas, estructuras enunciativas.Questiones Publicitarias, 3, 294-329.SALEN, K. & ZIMMERMAN, E. (2003). Rules of Play. Game DesignFundamentals. Cambridge, London: MIT Press.SAMPEDRO, V. (2002). Telebasura. Mctele y ETT. Zer, 13, 29-45.SELVA, D. (2003/04). El televoto como fórmula comercial. El casode «Operación Triunfo». Comunicación, 2, 129-144.STERNBERG, E. (1998). Phantasmagoric Labor. The New Eco no -mics of Self-presentation. Futures, 30(1), 3-28.TURNER, G. (2004). Understanding Celebrity. London: Routledge.© ISSN: 1134-3478 • e-ISSN: 1988-3293• Pages 185-192
INVESTIGACIONES / RESEARCHl Susana Agudo, M. Ángeles Pascual & Javier FombonaOviedo (Spain)Received: 27-02-2012 / Reviewed: 18-03-2012Accepted: 03-04-2012 / Published: 01-10-2012DOI: 10.3916/C39-2012-03-10Uses of Digital Tools among the ElderlyUsos de las herramientas digitales entre las personas mayoresABSTRACTA «multiage» society needs the design and creation of new areas of learning and communication to manage the digitaldemands of the elderly. In this article, the relation of the elderly to information and communication technologies(ICT) is approached and two objectives are considered: to discover the technological resources they use and toobjectively describe the types of usage that senior citizens make of ICT. To that end, a survey technique is used,with the results validated by means of discussion groups. The study participants consisted of 215 elderly people, allICT users, and 7 discussion groups of 5 people each. The results indicate that the resources most widely used bythe elderly are computers and the Internet, and the type of usage is grouped into 4 categories: education, information,communication and entertainment. There were no significant differences in gender or age although differenceswere found in the availability of these resources for private use based on the level of education.RESUMENUna sociedad «multiedades» supone diseñar y crear nuevos espacios de aprendizaje y comunicación, capaces degestionar la demanda existente por parte de las personas mayores. En este artículo, se aborda la relación de las personasmayores con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y para ello se plantean dos objetivos:el primero va dirigido a conocer los recursos tecnológicos que utilizan y el segundo, a describir objetivamente lostipos de uso que estas personas hacen de las TIC. Para ello, se utiliza la técnica de encuesta, cuyos resultados soncontrastados mediante grupos de discusión. En el estudio participaron 215 personas mayores usuarias de las TIC ysiete grupos de discusión de cinco personas cada uno. Los resultados encontrados indican que los recursos que másutilizan los mayores son, los ordenadores e Internet y el uso que hacen de los mismos se ha agrupado en cuatro grandescategorías: formación, información, comunicación y entretenimiento, no encontrándose diferencias significativasen función del género o de la edad y sí se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a la disponibilidad de dichos recursospara uso particular en función del nivel de estudios.KEYWORDS / PALABRAS CLAVELearning, active aging, cognitive stimulation, digital divide, digital literacy, elderly people, healthy living.Aprendizaje, brecha digital, cultura digital, envejecimiento activo, estimulación cognitiva, mayores, vida saludable.v Dr. Susana Agudo-Prado is Associate Professor of the Department of Educational Scienceat the University of Oviedo (Spain) (agudosusana@uniovi.es).v Dr. M. Ángeles Pascual-Sevillano is Professor of the Department of Educational Scienceat the University of Oviedo (Spain) (apascual@uniovi.es).v Dr. Javier Fombona-Cadavieco is Professor of the Department of Educational Science at theUniversity of Oviedo (Spain) (fombona@uniovi.es).Comunicar, n. 39, v. XX, 2012, Scientific Journal of Media Education; ISSN: 1134-3478; pages 193-201www.comunicarjournal.com
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