Untitled - Caio - Index of

88 Prot(}-Ind(}-European PhonologyMycenaean dialects with the digamma . However, !! disappeared in lonic­Attic dialects before the introduction of the alphabet and before the Homericepics took their final fonn. Although the Attic-Ionic alphabet, like all Greekalphabets, includes the digamma in sixth position, it is only used to indicate thenumerical value six.Many Homeric words and phrases presume the existence of !!, and musthave belonged to the Epic language at a period when !! was still an integralpart of the Epic phonetic system, cf. among many examples (another of whichis found in L 217 § I) the regular hiatus before av 'lord.' This is only understandableif it is caused by the disappearance of a word-initial !!. In fiIct, theword is preserved in Mycenaean as wa-na-ka, i.e. !!anaks 'king' (For informationon Post-Mycenaean semantic development: -7 LfgrE IT s. v. IlamA.e{x;; P.Carlier La royaute en Grece avant Alexandre. Strasbourg 1984). Concerningthe digamma in Homer: -7 B. Forssman in Colloquium Rauricum IT 1992 p.283f § 73.L 217. Correspondence sets for PIE !!:I) Word-initial: - PIE *!!ojlto- m. 'settlement, dwelling' = Lat. vicus 'village,settlement,' Myc. Gr. wo-(i-)ka-de i.e. !!ojkan-de, Arcadian-ThessalianFOtK, Ionic-attic OtK (Compare Homer, Rias A 606 and its formulaicejlav ohov&:, with a metrically long (owing to its position) -ay before OtKov,which is understandable when we accept that while the singers of epics nolonger knew the !! from their mother language, they learned from their scholarlyoral tradition to pronounce oh with a word-initial vowel insertion [*dos and >*d?viB.C.c)3"12"" *d. os > de. us but clivicent. B.c.Commentary: In individual cases, the phonetic situations descrihed in § 2have led to the disintegration of paradigms. Thus, deus 'god/divinity' vs.clivus 'as a divinity, worshiped.' (Several of the forms featured on the tableare not attested; although they are marked with *, their assertion is noncontroversial.)The 'a' level shows a uniform Old Latin paradigm of theroot dej7Jo- 'divinity' < 'heavenly.' (For more information on this word, cfW 202 § 2.) On level 'b' is shown the monophthongization of ej > e, cf. L220 § 1. A divergent development is shown in level 'c': disappearance of !!when followed by olu (on *d.os > de. us cp. Leumann LLFL 1977 p. 10Sf.),retention when followed by elila. From the last stage (c) of development beganthe formation of two new paradigms: On the one hand, deus with thenew genitive sg. dei 'god'; on the other hand, clivi with the new nom. sg.clivus 'as a divinity, worshiped.' - Compare equally the ClassICal Latmwords oleum 'olive ai!' vs. oliva 'olive, olive tree': The initial forms are*elaj!!om (from which, in a first step, the phenomenon of vowel weakeningof middle syllables yields *olei7Jom, and in a second -e!!Om > -e. om >-eum) and *elaj!!ii (from which comes first *olej!!ii, then *-!!a > -ilia).4) Postconsonantal !! is also fur the most part preserved. However, severalphonetic rules of Latin have obscured iroportant correspondence sets. Com-