Untitled - Caio - Index of

48 lntroduction5) In the singular paradigm, sum stands out in relation to the expected ablaut.Starting from the Vedic, first Proto-ltalic 'esmi, or at least 'esum is tobe expected. The newly discovered South Picene esom ( Marinetti lscrizionesudpicene 1985 p. 214) confirms this hypothesis. An inscribed Latin esomwas also found recently: M. Cristofuni in Quademi di ArcheologiaEtrusco-Ilalica 25 1996 p. 21. One may thus quite rightly accept that an existingProto-ltalic 'lis-mi became esom after it eliminated the finaI -i from 'esmand a weak vowel was inserted, via the form 'es"m: H. Rix in KolloquiumLalein und lndogermanisch Salzburg 1986 [I992) p. 230. The laterreplacement of esom by sum came about through the analogy of the I" pe=nplural sumus. There, the cause is the regular, zero grade, 's-mos (in which,the initial ' sm- > 'som- > sum-).6) In the plural paradigm, the initial full grade es- of the 2"" pe=n pluraleslis stands out. It should be regarded as analogous to the 3 sg. esl.7) The new analogous relationships between the first J"' =n singular andplural (§ 5) and between the 3'" person singular and the 2 person plural (§ 6)show that the ablaut change between the singular es- and the plural SO, at thetime of the replacement of the Latin esom by sum and of' sle- by eslis was nolonger in use as a living tool for the formation of verbs.8) Obscure areas of older ablaut structures may also be observed in theclassical Latin paradigm i- 'to go' (On the material: Leumann LLFL 1977 §399):FormsReconstructionI sg. eo < ·ej-a2sg. is < 'ei-si3 sg. il < *ej-liI pI. imus < *i-mos2 pI. ,lis < *i-/e-s3 pI. eunl < *j-enti9) The forms on the right may be postulated starting from Vedic (seeabove, E 502 § 5). Taking into account the typical Latin monophthongizationof ei > , (see below, L 220 § I) as well as the changes that we have alreadyobserved in the area of endings in the case of sum (see above, § 4), the 2 sg. is