Untitled - Caio - Index of

32lntroouction- The comedy Poenulus is by Plautus. - Further literature on Punic: M. G. Guzzo Amadasi in LDIA 1978 p. 1013ff.E 427. Latin is by far the best attested of the Indo-European languages ofancient Italy.I) The Latin language was originally the dialect of the city of Rome andwas closely connected to tbe landscape ofLatium: Kolb Rom 1995.2) The earliest occurrences are inscriptions fo und in the city of Rome fromthe 6t h century BC. From the 5t h to the I" centuries BC, the language is knownas Old Latin. The majority of preserved texts come from the period from the, " century BC to the I" century AD. Classical Latin, strictly speaking, includesonly the prose writings of Cicero and Caesar, which date from the I "century BC.Overview of the lndo--European Languages and their Sources 33o6) Of particular importance is also Vulgar Latin, .the spoken language of which in the various Roman provinces the indiVIdual Romance languagg:ta1an, and Portugese) developed. In a unique way, the relatlonshi oomanian, Romansch, Sardic, French, Dalmatian, Italian, Prove .nyaj, Sparush,:: Latin: ViiiWinen Latin vulgaire 1981.ther language to its oflSpring may be observed and documented. nE 428. The oldest occurrences of Faliscan, the language of Falerii and thesurrounding area, are inscriptions from the 6t h cent BC; the latest Falis-. . ean msenp t'o I ns are from the 2,d century BC. ASIde from the sparse m-.script ions there are no attestations of Faliscan. L' Iter t ure: -: Veller .Handbuch der italischen Dialekte I 1953 p. 277ff.; Glacomelli LmguaFalisca 1963; G. Giacomelli in LDIA 1978 p. 505ff.3) For information on Old Latin inscriptions: Emout Recueil 1947;Diehl Alllaleinische lnschriften 1965; Warmington Remains oJ Old Lalin IV1940; Degrassi inscripliones I-IT 1965-1972; by the same author Imagines1965; Romische inschriften, by L. Schurnacher. Stuttgart 1988 ( Reclam,Universal-Bibliothek Nr. 8512) and Die romische Lileralur in Texl and Darslellung.volwne I: Republikanische Zeil r (Poesie) by H. and A. Petersmann.Stuttgart 1991 ( Reclam, Universal-Bibliothek Nr. 8066); Meyer LaleinischeEpigraphik 1973; Bliimel Unlersuchungen 1972; Radke Archaisches Lalein1981; Wachter Alllaleinische Inschriften 1987; Vine Archaic Lalin 1993.4) The first Latin literary texts are only attested from the 3rd century BC: H. Rix "Schrift and Schriftgebrauch im vorlilerarischen Millelilalien" inHoffinann Gedenlif€ier 1996 (1997] p. 27-42.5) Literature on Latin: - a) History of the Latin language: Meillet Esquisse1928; Devoto Lingua di Roma 1940; M. Leurnann Geschichle derlaleinischen Sprache in Leurnann / Hofrnann / Szantyr Allgemeiner Teil 1965p. 10·ff.; Solta Slellung der laleinischen Sprache 1974; Giacomelli Lingualalina 1993; 1. Kramer Geschichle der lateinischen Sprache in LateinischePhilalogie 1996 p. 115-162; M. Meier-Briigger in RGA 18 2001 under theheading 'Latein'. - b) General Latin: Leurnann / Hofrnann / Szantyr AllgemeinerTeil 1965; H. Rix in DNP 6 1999 column 1160- 1163 under theheading 'Latein'; Kolloquium Latein and indogermanisch Salzburg 1986[1992]; Sommer Handbuch 1948; SOmmer / Pfister Lautlehre 1977; LeumannLLFL 1977; Meiser Laut- and Formenlehre 1998; Schrijver Laryngeals inLatin 1991; Benedetti Composti radicali 1988. Further, compare the serieslKLL (I CLL / ClLL), see the bibliography, under lKLL.E 429.Among the languages of the Sahellian branch of languages are socalledSouth Pieene, Oscan, Umbrian, and a couple of other, only sghtlyvarl'ed languages , such as Volscian. Of partlcuiar mterest IS South PlC en e,the oldest attestations of which date from t h e 6t h cen t ury BC . Sout h p1-cene is particularly interesting. Three different alphabets were employe mOscan inscriptions: the Greek alphabet, the Latin Iphabet, and the Oscru:alphabet. The oldest inscriptions date from the 3.century BC.d .The socaUed Iguvine Tables are the main source for Umbnan and come from the3' " _2, d centuries BC.Literature: Meiser Umbrisch 1986; G. Meiser, Pailgmsch, Latemund Sudpikenisch in Glotta 65 1987 p. 104-I 25; H. Rix Umbro e Pto:Osco- Umbro in Convegno Udine (mmor language ) 1991 [1993], arl. . . . ..nett! !scnzlOm sudplcene 1985' , G. M else ' rand H Rix m Tavole dl Agnone'1994 [1996] p. I 87ff. and p. 243ff.; H. Rix, Sudpikemsc . h kd u/u . . III ' HS 1071994 p. 105-122; Schirmer Wortschatz 1998; Untermarm WorterbuchOskisch-Umbrisch 2000.. . .E 430. Venetian represents a separate Italic languạge of what is now t?Veneto region (inscriptions from the 6t h _2, d centurIes BC): PeUegnruProsdocimi Lingua Venelica 1 / II 1967; Lejeune Venele 1974; A. L. Prosdocimi11 venetico in LDIA 1978 p. 257/f by the same author m ConvegnoUdine (minor languages) 1981 [1983] p. 153ff.E 431. Celtic can roughly be divided into Continental Celtic (from theEminent) and Insular Celtic (from the Bnllsh Isl s [and fromth':r::Oh migrations, Brittany connects linguistically WIth Breton D.