Untitled - Caio - Index of

152 Prot-lnd-European PhonologyLarger Phonetic Unities1534) The nuancing of *-e- to *-0- (cf. Gr. 1ta--ocp-, but -1t6-op-, cf. L 408)may no longer be, as was for a long time suggested, traced back to an effect ofaccent that is separate from the origin of the zero grade. Nevertheless, it mayhave phonetic causes. Thus, the game of qualitative ablauts in thematic verbs(cf. Gr. q£p-o-!I£v, but q£p-E-1E) creates the impression that post-tonic -eprecedingr (and I m n) might have become -0-: Cf. in addition to Gr. 6na­op-a also PIE *de-dor/{- 'have seen' = Ved. dadIu:i- (Gr. with secondarystress OCOopK-): It is explained by Pre-PIE I" person sg. *dederk-h,e with*-e- > *-0- preceding -h,e: --t W. Manczak in Lingua 9 p. 1960 277ff. Forinformation on the history of research on this subject, cf. Szemen!nyi Einfuhrung1990 p. 124-127.5. AccentL 419. Only the independent word accent is discussed here. For informationon nominal accent classes, cf. F 314ff.accents cf. F 214. On sentence accent, CL S 209.For information on verbalI) Among the lE languages, some of those whose surviving documents doreveal information ahout accent placement show free accent stress, i.e. accentstress that is independent of word structure.A Greek word such as opoo: 'useful, profitable'). In Vedic, the gen. sg. brahmaf)GSoccurs with stress on the first syllable (brahma(las: 'the prayer formula') aswell as on the second syllable (brahma(lOs: in the sense of 'of one who prays,of the priest'). These examples show that the supra-segmental phenomenonof accents placed ahove phonemic segments is the only means of distinguishingsuch pairs of cognates.2) It is important for the historical comparative observation of word accentsthat these free accents correspond in several languages, a fuet which canonly be explained by the existence of a common prelirninary phase. However,the agreements with word structure independent accents have been obscuredby language-internal rules.Research by Karl Verner on the effects of PIEaccent placement on the Germanic fricative system has revealed Germanic as afurther essential source of information on the original accents, cf. L 42 1. Thefree accent systems of Baltic and several Slavic languages may be traced tosubsequent developments of the inherited status, cf. L 422. Among the languagesthat have exchanged the PIE accent in favor of a secondary accentsystem, Latin is the most important, cf. L 423.3) Concerning the efforts to ascertain PIE accents fro the basis of photicresults in IE languages that have no certain graphic representatIon of:ccent positions, a few hints shall have to suffice. - For informatin.on Htrite,et: L 207. Further, cf. L 414 above, where in the example e-eS-Zl ;e. ­ti the singular plene-spelling may be understood as the resuh of h,es-,above which is placed the accent; cf. L 336 § 5 above, in which the lenitionrule requires the presence of a preceding accented long vowel. Literature: .--tMelchert Anatolian Historical Phonology 1994 p. 106f. - For informatIonon implications from Avestan and PaSt6: --t M. Mayrhofer in CompendiumLing. Iran. 1989 p. 12f.L 420.placement.Many Greek - Vedic word pairs show full agreement in accentI) Ct: the familial terms Gr. 1tO-ocp-a = Ved. pitar-am 'father,' cppcr1Ep-a =Ved. bhrtitar-am 'brother,' 9uya-ocp-a = Ved. duhitar-am 'daughter,'11'1-ocp-a = Ved. matar-am 'mother' (in each case acc. sg.); Gr. ve no ,Ved. nabhas- n. 'cloud'; Gr. 9'0116