WIOMSA-CORDIO spawning book Full Doc 10 oct 13.pdf

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Plate 3 a) Bait balls for basket traps – slashed squid and gar fish mixed with sand in fine mesh bags placed in chickenwire. b) Octopus bait balls in chicken wire bags for rapid dissolving in traps setting at site.Plate 4 a) Basket traps ready for setting at aggregation site; b) shaking clove oil in sea water in “squeezy” bottle foranaesthetic.Results and DiscussionObservations on SCUBA confirmed that the E. fuscoguttatus were aggregating to spawn during theNovember 2009 new moon period at the site, with between 7 and 16 fish seen at the site. However,despite five days of intense fishing using four different methods employed by up to 4 researchersand 4 local fishers, no grouper were captured for tagging. The hand-lining did not even elicit bitesfrom the fish - it appeared the grouper were not interested in feeding. The method with the bestpotential was the clove oil: one grouper was temporarily stunned and the diver managed to gethold of it by the head but as soon as he moved the fish out of the cave it took off with tremendousforce. Presumably the action of pulling the fish through the water flushed fresh water through thegills thereby enabling rapid recovery from the clove oil anaesthesia. On a second occasion the divercould feel and hold the fish but it had wedged itself in the cave with its operculae.We believe that the use of clove could be adapted further to be successful for capturing this species.This would involve at least four divers with two squeezy bottles each, plus a further 2-3 diverswith a cast or gill net placed over the cave entrances and the divers work as a team to first stun thefish and then ensure capture in the nets as they are pulled out of the caves. An alternative whichrequires further technology development would be an underwater dart gun to stun the fish with anintra-muscular anaesthetic. The fish can then be handled and brought to the surface for tagging. Inconclusion, fishing gears such as handline with bait do not seem to be effective for capturing thisspecies when it is aggregating to spawn. We believe alternative capture methods using anaestheticssuch as clove oil or dart guns have potential but require further development.152
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The designation of geographical ent
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Chapter 1: IntroductionJan Robinson
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limited, subsistence levels of expl
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NTRs for spawning aggregations usin
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al. 2003). Verification may include
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a fraction of spawning sites are pr
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Chapter 3: Targeted fishing of the
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verifying spawning aggregations, we
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ecorded from inshore close to the c
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(a)(b)Fig. 3. Spatial patterns ofca
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pooled sizes of the three spawning
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found S. sutor contributed up to 44
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2011b). However, observations of fi
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MethodsTo identify seasonal and lun
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n=199Females GSI (mean ± SE)2.521.
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The estimate of size at maturity in
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This study was designed to verify S
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were selected. Fish selected for ta
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The number of traps increased on th
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Of the 9 tagged fish detected by re
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Fig. 7. Diel patterns ofdetection f
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Spawning aggregation site fidelity
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Chapter 6: Shoemaker spinefoot rabb
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anterior of the anus and below the
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A high percentage (80.8%) of depart
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arrivals and departures at these tw
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are typically applied for reef fish
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(a)(b)(c)Chapter 3, Figure 3. Spati
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(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)Chapter 7, Table
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Chapter 12, Fig. 1 Fraction of fema
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Plates 8. Selected photographs from
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MethodsStudy sitesThe study area wa
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which shelved gently ( ca. 25 o ) t
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Fig. 4. Lunar periodicity in number
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Behaviour and appearanceDescription
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eported aggregations forming betwee
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The sizes of E. fuscoguttatus aggre
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Materials and methodsStudy area and
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TL. All fish tagged were considered
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Lunar timing of arrivals and depart
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Fig. 8. The presence and absence of
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aggregation fishing. This critical
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Chapter 9: Persistence of grouper (
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ResultsBetween 2003 and 2006, the c
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Fig. 2. Mean (± standard error, SE
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A few species (e.g. Epinephelus gut
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(a)(b)Fig. 1. Map of (a) study site
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Fig. 2. Number of E. lanceolatus ob
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was having any impact on the popula
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A spawning aggregation is said to o
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 11: Evaluation of an indica
Page 112 and 113: Table 1 Aggregation fisheries asses
Page 114 and 115: the lists of Jennings et al. (1999)
Page 116 and 117: with the more vulnerable labrids an
Page 118 and 119: The remaining serranid populations
Page 120 and 121: Spawning aggregation behaviour is c
Page 122 and 123: tiger grouper, Mycteroperca tigris:
Page 124 and 125: of protecting the normal residence
Page 126 and 127: • Since grouper males are afforde
Page 128 and 129: Fig. 2 Yield-per-recruit normalized
Page 130 and 131: The approaches identified above are
Page 132 and 133: during full moon periods. Siganus s
Page 134 and 135: model, many parameter estimates are
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAbunge C (2011) Managing
Page 138 and 139: Cox DR (1972) Regression models and
Page 140 and 141: Grüss A, Kaplan DM, Hart DR (2011b
Page 142 and 143: Kaunda-Arara B, Rose GA (2004a) Eff
Page 144: Newcomer RT, Taylor DH, Guttman SI
Page 147 and 148: Sancho G, Petersen CW, Lobel PS (20
Page 149 and 150: Appendix 1. QuestionnaireMASMA SPAW
Page 151 and 152: 8. Spawning aggregation knowledgeUs
Page 153 and 154: Example items KSh Furthest site Clo
Page 155 and 156: Appendix II. Experimental testing o
Page 157 and 158: Clove oil concentrationAt a concent
Page 159: Appendix III. Application of acoust
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