WIOMSA-CORDIO spawning book Full Doc 10 oct 13.pdf

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TL. All fish tagged were considered sexually mature given estimates of the size at first maturity forthese species (Pears et al. 2006; Rhodes et al. 2011). A total of 417,121 detections were recorded atSite A, of which 237,154 were from Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and 179,967 from E. polyphekadion(Table 2). Apart from one E. polyphekadion (ID 59049), all tagged fish were detected at the FSAsite. In both species, the number of detections was highest during the day with peak in detectionsobserved in the early morning and early evening (Fig. 2). Daytime detections gradually decreasedin both species from the early morning peak to its lowest daytime value at around noon, which wasfollowed by a gradual increase until early evening.Fig. 2. Variation in total hourly detection of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion at Site A during the spawning aggregationperiods between January 2010 and May 2011.Table 2. Summary of acoustic detections by Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus polyphekadion recorded at Site Aduring the study periodE. fuscoguttatus E. polyphekadionNumber of fish tagged 12 20Number of fish detected 12 19Total detections by all fish 319,989 264,222Minimum detection by a detected individual 45 406Maximum detection by a detected individual 121,870 62,711Mean detection by an individual 26,666 13,901Standard deviation of mean detection 38,254 17,599Spawning aggregation formation and abundanceUnderwater visual census undertaken at Site A during the January 2010 spawning month recordedan increase of 41.9% and 203.2% in the density of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion, respectively,during the nine days preceding the new moon when spawning is known to occur (Fig. 3).Peak in mean density of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion in January 2010 was 6.5 ± 4.1 (mean± SD) and 18.7 ± 3.7 (mean ± SD) fish 100 m -2 , respectively. The total number of E. fuscoguttatusand E. polyphekadion in the core area at peak mean density during the January 2010 spawningmonth was estimated at 470 and 1,440, respectively. Density at the site is associated with known78
lunar and seasonal spawning periods for these species, since fish are absent or in much lower densitiesoutside of these periods. At the start of the reproductive season (mid-November 2010), densitiesof E. fuscoguttatus up to 1.9 ± 1.2 (mean ± SD) fish 100 m -2 were recorded at Site A, while E.polyphekadion was totally absent. Censuses undertaken at Site A in May 2011 failed to record anyindividuals of either species.Fig. 3. Trends in mean densities (± standard deviation) of E. fuscoguttatus and E. polyphekadion in relation to the dayspreceding the new moon at Site A in January 2010.Fig. 4. Daily percentagearrivals and departures ofa) E. fuscoguttatus and b)E. polyphekadion at Site Arelative to the new moon(NM)79
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The designation of geographical ent
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Chapter 1: IntroductionJan Robinson
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limited, subsistence levels of expl
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NTRs for spawning aggregations usin
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al. 2003). Verification may include
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a fraction of spawning sites are pr
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Chapter 3: Targeted fishing of the
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verifying spawning aggregations, we
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ecorded from inshore close to the c
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(a)(b)Fig. 3. Spatial patterns ofca
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pooled sizes of the three spawning
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found S. sutor contributed up to 44
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2011b). However, observations of fi
Page 36 and 37: MethodsTo identify seasonal and lun
Page 38 and 39: n=199Females GSI (mean ± SE)2.521.
Page 40 and 41: The estimate of size at maturity in
Page 42 and 43: This study was designed to verify S
Page 44 and 45: were selected. Fish selected for ta
Page 46 and 47: The number of traps increased on th
Page 48 and 49: Of the 9 tagged fish detected by re
Page 50 and 51: Fig. 7. Diel patterns ofdetection f
Page 52 and 53: Spawning aggregation site fidelity
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6: Shoemaker spinefoot rabb
Page 56 and 57: anterior of the anus and below the
Page 58 and 59: A high percentage (80.8%) of depart
Page 60 and 61: arrivals and departures at these tw
Page 62 and 63: are typically applied for reef fish
Page 64 and 65: (a)(b)(c)Chapter 3, Figure 3. Spati
Page 66 and 67: (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)Chapter 7, Table
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 12, Fig. 1 Fraction of fema
Page 70 and 71: Plates 8. Selected photographs from
Page 72 and 73: MethodsStudy sitesThe study area wa
Page 74 and 75: which shelved gently ( ca. 25 o ) t
Page 76 and 77: Fig. 4. Lunar periodicity in number
Page 78 and 79: Behaviour and appearanceDescription
Page 80 and 81: eported aggregations forming betwee
Page 82 and 83: The sizes of E. fuscoguttatus aggre
Page 84 and 85: Materials and methodsStudy area and
Page 88 and 89: Lunar timing of arrivals and depart
Page 90 and 91: Fig. 8. The presence and absence of
Page 92 and 93: aggregation fishing. This critical
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 9: Persistence of grouper (
Page 96 and 97: ResultsBetween 2003 and 2006, the c
Page 98 and 99: Fig. 2. Mean (± standard error, SE
Page 100 and 101: A few species (e.g. Epinephelus gut
Page 102 and 103: (a)(b)Fig. 1. Map of (a) study site
Page 104 and 105: Fig. 2. Number of E. lanceolatus ob
Page 106 and 107: was having any impact on the popula
Page 108 and 109: A spawning aggregation is said to o
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 11: Evaluation of an indica
Page 112 and 113: Table 1 Aggregation fisheries asses
Page 114 and 115: the lists of Jennings et al. (1999)
Page 116 and 117: with the more vulnerable labrids an
Page 118 and 119: The remaining serranid populations
Page 120 and 121: Spawning aggregation behaviour is c
Page 122 and 123: tiger grouper, Mycteroperca tigris:
Page 124 and 125: of protecting the normal residence
Page 126 and 127: • Since grouper males are afforde
Page 128 and 129: Fig. 2 Yield-per-recruit normalized
Page 130 and 131: The approaches identified above are
Page 132 and 133: during full moon periods. Siganus s
Page 134 and 135: model, many parameter estimates are
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ReferencesAbunge C (2011) Managing
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Cox DR (1972) Regression models and
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Grüss A, Kaplan DM, Hart DR (2011b
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Kaunda-Arara B, Rose GA (2004a) Eff
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Newcomer RT, Taylor DH, Guttman SI
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Sancho G, Petersen CW, Lobel PS (20
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Appendix 1. QuestionnaireMASMA SPAW
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8. Spawning aggregation knowledgeUs
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Example items KSh Furthest site Clo
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Appendix II. Experimental testing o
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Clove oil concentrationAt a concent
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Appendix III. Application of acoust
Page 161 and 162:
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