WIOMSA-CORDIO spawning book Full Doc 10 oct 13.pdf

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Lunar timing of arrivals and departuresArrivals of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus at the FSA site occurred throughout most of the fortnightpreceding the new moon, with this period accounting for 77.3% of arrivals. A small peak (18.2%)in arrivals occurred 8 days before the new moon (Fig. 4a). The arrival of E. polyphekadion at theFSA site mostly occurred in the same period with 96.8% of arrivals and peak in arrivals at 10 and6 days before the new moon (Fig. 4b). Departures of E. fuscoguttatus from Site A occurred on 8consecutive days, which stretched from 2 days before to 5 days after the new moon. However, mostdepartures in E. fuscoguttatus occurred just after the new moon, with the first three days after thenew moon accounting for 77.3% of departures. Departures of E. polyphekadion from the FSA siteoccurred on four consecutive days, which started on the day of the new moon. Peak departuresof E. polyphekadion occurred one day after the new moon and accounted for 48.4% of departuresfrom the site. On average the males arrive earlier than females in both species, but departureoccurred at around the same time in both sexes of both species (Fig. 5).Fig. 5. Mean arrivals (open circles) and departure (closed circles) times of males and females E. fuscoguttatus and E.polyphekadion at Site A calculated from the four spawning months after tagging. Information from the tagging monthis excluded.Hourly timing of arrivals and departuresThere was no distinct diurnal pattern in arrivals of E. fuscoguttatus at the spawning aggregation site,which occurred throughout much of the night and day (Fig. 6a). Departures from the site occurredmostly in the evening and early morning with 86.4% of departures occurring between 2200 and0700. In E. polyphekadion, 96.8% of arrivals and departures at the spawning site occurred between1800 and 0800 with a peak in departures (48.4%) occurring between 2300 and 0100 (Fig. 6b).Residence timeEpinephelus fuscoguttatus stayed on average (± SD) 15.7 ± 13.6 days at Site A , whereas E.polyphekadion stayed 11.1 ± 6.0 days. Male E. fuscoguttatus spent significantly longer time at thesite than females, averaging twice the duration (Fig. 7; F 1,19= 6.23, p = 0.027). Longer residencytimes of males was also observed in E. polyphekadion (Fig. 7; F 1,26= 9.55, p = 0.006), with malesexhibiting average stays 56.8% longer than those of females. Residence times were affected byspawning month in both E. fuscoguttatus (F 3,19= 14.12, p < 0.001) and E. polyphekadion (F 2,26=10.29, p < 0.001). Tukey’s post-hoc tests showed that significantly longer residence times, for bothspecies, occurred with Period 3, which was the first spawning month of the 2010/2011 spawningseason. There were no significant sex-spawning month interactions. The average time (± SD) spentaway from Site A between two consecutive spawning months within the same reproductive seasonwas 19.2 ± 4.3 days for E. fuscoguttatus and 20.7 ± 2.4 days for E. polyphekadion.80
Fig. 6. Percentage arrivalsand departures oftagged a) E. fuscoguttatusand b) E. polyphekadionat the FSA in relation tohour of the day.Fig. 7. Difference in residencetime at Site A betweenmales and femalesE. fuscoguttatus and E.polyphekadion.81
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The designation of geographical ent
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Chapter 1: IntroductionJan Robinson
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limited, subsistence levels of expl
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NTRs for spawning aggregations usin
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al. 2003). Verification may include
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a fraction of spawning sites are pr
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Chapter 3: Targeted fishing of the
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verifying spawning aggregations, we
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ecorded from inshore close to the c
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(a)(b)Fig. 3. Spatial patterns ofca
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pooled sizes of the three spawning
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found S. sutor contributed up to 44
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2011b). However, observations of fi
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MethodsTo identify seasonal and lun
Page 38 and 39: n=199Females GSI (mean ± SE)2.521.
Page 40 and 41: The estimate of size at maturity in
Page 42 and 43: This study was designed to verify S
Page 44 and 45: were selected. Fish selected for ta
Page 46 and 47: The number of traps increased on th
Page 48 and 49: Of the 9 tagged fish detected by re
Page 50 and 51: Fig. 7. Diel patterns ofdetection f
Page 52 and 53: Spawning aggregation site fidelity
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 6: Shoemaker spinefoot rabb
Page 56 and 57: anterior of the anus and below the
Page 58 and 59: A high percentage (80.8%) of depart
Page 60 and 61: arrivals and departures at these tw
Page 62 and 63: are typically applied for reef fish
Page 64 and 65: (a)(b)(c)Chapter 3, Figure 3. Spati
Page 66 and 67: (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)Chapter 7, Table
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 12, Fig. 1 Fraction of fema
Page 70 and 71: Plates 8. Selected photographs from
Page 72 and 73: MethodsStudy sitesThe study area wa
Page 74 and 75: which shelved gently ( ca. 25 o ) t
Page 76 and 77: Fig. 4. Lunar periodicity in number
Page 78 and 79: Behaviour and appearanceDescription
Page 80 and 81: eported aggregations forming betwee
Page 82 and 83: The sizes of E. fuscoguttatus aggre
Page 84 and 85: Materials and methodsStudy area and
Page 86 and 87: TL. All fish tagged were considered
Page 90 and 91: Fig. 8. The presence and absence of
Page 92 and 93: aggregation fishing. This critical
Page 94 and 95: Chapter 9: Persistence of grouper (
Page 96 and 97: ResultsBetween 2003 and 2006, the c
Page 98 and 99: Fig. 2. Mean (± standard error, SE
Page 100 and 101: A few species (e.g. Epinephelus gut
Page 102 and 103: (a)(b)Fig. 1. Map of (a) study site
Page 104 and 105: Fig. 2. Number of E. lanceolatus ob
Page 106 and 107: was having any impact on the popula
Page 108 and 109: A spawning aggregation is said to o
Page 110 and 111: Chapter 11: Evaluation of an indica
Page 112 and 113: Table 1 Aggregation fisheries asses
Page 114 and 115: the lists of Jennings et al. (1999)
Page 116 and 117: with the more vulnerable labrids an
Page 118 and 119: The remaining serranid populations
Page 120 and 121: Spawning aggregation behaviour is c
Page 122 and 123: tiger grouper, Mycteroperca tigris:
Page 124 and 125: of protecting the normal residence
Page 126 and 127: • Since grouper males are afforde
Page 128 and 129: Fig. 2 Yield-per-recruit normalized
Page 130 and 131: The approaches identified above are
Page 132 and 133: during full moon periods. Siganus s
Page 134 and 135: model, many parameter estimates are
Page 136 and 137: ReferencesAbunge C (2011) Managing
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Cox DR (1972) Regression models and
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Grüss A, Kaplan DM, Hart DR (2011b
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Kaunda-Arara B, Rose GA (2004a) Eff
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Newcomer RT, Taylor DH, Guttman SI
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Sancho G, Petersen CW, Lobel PS (20
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Appendix 1. QuestionnaireMASMA SPAW
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8. Spawning aggregation knowledgeUs
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Example items KSh Furthest site Clo
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Appendix II. Experimental testing o
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Clove oil concentrationAt a concent
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Appendix III. Application of acoust
Page 161 and 162:
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