robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)

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ut suddenly verses 238 and 239 interrupt the discussion to exhort the Muslims to maintain regular prayers and instruct them on how to maintain prayers while in fear of an enemy. Then, just as suddenly, the passage returns to the subject of divorce. Those two intervening verses, 238 and 239, have nothing to do with what came either before or after. In short, both close analysis of Quran'ic passages and Islamic tradition itself raise serious doubts about the textual integrity of the Qur'an. But when it comes to critical evaluation of the Qur'an, there are much larger questions.
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DID MUHAMMAD EXIST? An Inquiry into
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Dedicated to all those who do not f
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Contents Foreword by Johannes J. G.
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scholars will not be interested in
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650s-660s: Arabian conquest of Nort
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Muhammad and His Family, According
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Introduction
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historicity of Muhammad. Although t
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No one knows, for it has never rece
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Some of the bold scholars who have
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Influenced by this, the historians
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1
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ut this could apply to any of the Q
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Was That Muhammad? In light of all
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leader as the “devil.” It is un
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them, reprimand them, warn them, an
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was not even able to save himself f
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of polemical hyperbole or using a t
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2
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encountering some mention of Islam,
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The first biographer of Muhammad, I
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Allah [is] great in greatness and g
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This Qur'anic material is the earli
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that orthodox theologians produced
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Arabic language, he was eloquent an
Page 52 and 53: 3
Page 54 and 55: The same can be said of an explanat
Page 56 and 57: “anyone who establishes in Islam
Page 58 and 59: But with Muhammad held up as an exe
Page 60 and 61: When Ibn Umar says that yes, he did
Page 62 and 63: these are known as as-Sahih as-Sitt
Page 64 and 65: was self-contradictory or absurd on
Page 66 and 67: latter's “godlessness and opposit
Page 68 and 69: Switching On the Full Light of Hist
Page 70 and 71: Ibn Ishaq's Reliability So are thes
Page 72 and 73: Muhammad's virtues, or a combinatio
Page 74 and 75: Jansen administers the coup de grâ
Page 76 and 77: Central to Islam, therefore, is the
Page 78 and 79: (Nor, for that matter, do Muslim hi
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Page 82 and 83: The problem with the third option i
Page 84 and 85: years of age. 6 The earliest Islami
Page 86 and 87: elationship, the Qur'an also has Ma
Page 88 and 89: einforced the point that Muhammad h
Page 90 and 91: “worked on Allah's Apostle so tha
Page 92 and 93: The Unchanging Qur'an Changes The Q
Page 94 and 95: during the eighth and ninth centuri
Page 96 and 97: did not worry over such matters, wh
Page 98 and 99: Rajam be inflicted on him who commi
Page 100 and 101: telling indications that it has bee
Page 104 and 105: The Non-Arabic Arabic Qur'an A Book
Page 106 and 107: “We know indeed that they say,
Page 108 and 109: Puin explains: “The Koran claims
Page 110 and 111: a person dies, his Book (of deeds)
Page 112 and 113: The Syriac influence is not restric
Page 114 and 115: To provide the new religion with it
Page 116 and 117: What the Qur'an May Have Been A Clu
Page 118 and 119: An Islamic scholar writing late in
Page 120 and 121: Luxenberg states that if Qur'an “
Page 122 and 123: symbolism of the wine of Paradise.
Page 124 and 125: Syriac connection, has revealed—c
Page 126 and 127: unbelievers, may say, “What did G
Page 128 and 129: gods except the Creator of all, nor
Page 130 and 131: in Paradise reserved exclusively fo
Page 132 and 133: 9
Page 134 and 135: who have been true in their covenan
Page 136 and 137: for them to brandish. Nor is it eve
Page 138 and 139: The First Mention of the Qur'an If
Page 140 and 141: Uthman approved did not survive, ev
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Page 144 and 145: years after its birth, Islam has re
Page 146 and 147: The realm of political theology, th
Page 148 and 149: The real proliferation of material
Page 150 and 151: from long after the time he is supp
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Notes Introduction: The Full Light
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34 Ibid., 63-64 (= Patrologia Greca
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6 Al-Qastellani, X, 342 (quoted in
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7 Arthur Jeffery, “The Quest of t
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Chapter 6: The Unchanging Qur'an Ch
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29 Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, v
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49 Nevo and Koren, Crossroads to Is
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Further Reading There is a great de
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Acknowledgments I could not have wr
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Muhammad and, 2, 7, 24-28, 41, 48,
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Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Ephraem
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Islamic calendar, 48-49, 204 Islami
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Mufid, Sheikh al-, 81 Mughira, al-,
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Rosenthal, Franz, 154 Ruqayya (daug
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