robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)

Notes
Introduction: The Full Light of History?
1 Michael H. Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History (New York: Hart Publishing, 1978), 33.
2 W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Mecca (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953); Muhammad at Medina (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1956).
3 For an illuminating discussion of the effect of higher criticism on the various Christian confessions, see Jaroslav Pelikan, Christian
Doctrine and Modern Culture (since 1700) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).
4 Robert Spencer, The Truth about Muhammad (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2006), 9, 31.
5 Gustav Weil, Geschichte der Chalifen, vol. 2 (Mannheim, 1846–51), 290, trans. William Muir, The Life of Mahomet, one-volume
edition (London, 1894), xli–xlii (quoted in Ibn Warraq, ed., The Quest for the Historical Muhammad [Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2000], 44).
6 Quoted in Ibn Warraq, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, 16.
7 Muir, The Life of Mahomet, xli–xlii (quoted in Ibn Warraq, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, 44).
8 The word hadith's Arabic plural is ahadith, and this is found in much English-language Muslim literature. But to avoid confusing
English-speaking readers, I have used the English plural form “hadiths.”
9 Quoted in Raphel Patai, Ignaz Goldziher and His Oriental Diary (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987), 28 (quoted in Martin
Kramer, “Introduction,” in The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis, ed. Martin Kramer [Syracuse: Syracuse
University Press, 1999], 1–48, republished online at http://www.martinkramer.org/sandbox/reader/archives/the-jewish-discovery-ofislam/#n38).
10 Quoted in Ibn Warraq, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, 46.
11 Henri Lammens, “The Age of Muhammad and the Chronology of the Sira,” in Ibn Warraq, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad,
206.
12 Joseph Schacht, The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950), 4–5.
13 Patricia Crone and Michael Cook, Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977), vii.
14 Patricia Crone, “What Do We Actually Know About Muhammad?,” Open Democracy, August 31, 2006,
http://www.opendemocracy.net/faith-europe_islam/mohammed_3866.jsp.
15 For an example of the nature of such responses, see Amaal Muhammad Al-Roubi, A Response to Patricia Crone's Book (“Meccan
Trade and the Rise of Islam”), www.sultan.org/books/Patricia_crone_english_reply.pdf.
16 Ahmad Ali Al-Imam, Variant Readings of the Qur'an: A Critical Study of Their Historical and Linguistic Origins (Washington,
DC: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2006), 112.
17 Andrew Higgins, “Professor Hired for Outreach to Muslims Delivers a Jolt,” Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2008.
18 “Islam Scientist Kalisch No Longer Muslim,” Politically Incorrect, April 22, 2010, http://www.pi-news.org/2010/04/islam-scientistkalisch-no-longer-muslim/.
19 Khaled Abou El Fadl, “On Revising Bigotry,” Scholar of the House, n.d., http://www.scholarofthehouse.org/onrebi.html.
Chapter 1: The Man Who Wasn't There
1 Yehuda D. Nevo and Judith Koren, Crossroads to Islam (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2003), 265.
2 Ibid., 265–66.
3 Quotations from the Qur'an are taken, except where noted, from A. J. Arberry, The Koran Interpreted (New York: George Allen &
Unwin, Ltd., 1955).
4 Doctrina Jacobi vol. 16, 209 (quoted in Robert G. Hoyland, Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian,