robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)

29 Ibn Kathir, Tafsir Ibn Kathir, vol. 6, 506–7.
30 Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary.
31 Franz Rosenthal, “Some Minor Problems in the Qur'an,” in Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, 332–34.
32 Rosenthal, “Some Minor Problems,” 337.
33 Al-Mahalli and as-Suyuti, Tafsir al-Jalalayn, 1357.
34 Gilliot, “Reconsidering the Authorship of the Qur'an,” 98.
35 Ali, The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an. Language modernized.
36 “The Contradictions of the Qur'an,” Behind the Veil, ch. 11, http://www.answering-islam.org/BehindVeil/btv11.html.
37 Christoph Luxenberg, The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran
(Berlin: Verlag Hans Schiler, 2000), 9.
38 Alphonse Mingana, “Syriac Influence on the Style of the Koran,” in Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, 175.
39 Ibid., 176, 180.
40 Ibid., 178.
41 Ibid., 178–79.
42 Ibid., 188.
43 Ibid., 181–82.
44 Ibid., 184–86.
45 Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran.
46 Mingana, “Syriac Influence,” 187.
47 Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary.
48 Ibid.
49 Ali, The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an.
50 Al-Misri, Reliance of the Traveller, 011.3, 5.
51 Jeffery, Foreign Vocabulary.
52 Ibn Warraq, “Introduction to Sura IX.29,” in Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, 319.
53 Rosenthal, “Some Minor Problems,” 324.
54 Uri Rubin, “Koran and Tafsir: The Case of ‘an Yadin,’” in Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, 372–80.
Chapter 8: What the Qur'an May Have Been
1 Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran. Language modernized.
2 Tafsir al-Jalalayn, 770.
3 For more on furqan, see Fred M. Donner, “On Qur'anic Furqan,” Journal of Semitic Studies 52 (2007): 279–300.
4 C. Heger, “Koran XXV.1: Al-Furqan and the ‘Warner,’” in Ibn Warraq, What the Koran Really Says, 387–89.
5 M. Abul Quasem, trans. and ed., The Recitation and Interpretation of the Qur'an: Al-Ghazali's Theory (Kuala Lumpur: University
of Malaya Press, 1979), 40–41 (quoted in Abdullah David and M. S. M. Saifullah, “Concise List of Arabic Manuscripts of the Qur'an
Attributable to the First Century Hijra,” Islamic Awareness, June 14, 2008, http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Mss/hijazi.html).
6 Keith E. Small, Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011), 69–72.
7 David Margoliouth, “Textual Variations of the Koran,” in Ibn Warraq, The Origins of the Koran, 158.
8 Mingana, “Syriac Influence,” 181–82.
9 Ibn Warraq. Virgins?, 50.
10 Quoted in Gabriel Said Reynolds, “Introduction: Qur'anic Studies and Its Controversies,” in Reynolds, Historical Context, 17.