robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)

42 Ibid., no. 5023.
43 Ibid., book 19, no. 4320.
44 Ibid., no. 4321.
45 Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, fol. 25b, ed. Hyderabad, 84 (quoted in Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 55).
46 Agh., 9:45, 20 (quoted in Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 63).
47 Sulaiman bin Al-Aash‘ath Al-Azdi as-Sijistani, Sunan Abu Dawud, English Translation with Explanatory Notes, trans. Ahmad
Hasan (New Delhi: Kitab Bhavan, 1990), v.
48 Muhammad Muhsin Khan, introduction to Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, 18–19.
49 “Hadith & Sunnah,” www.islamonline.net.
50 Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 126–27.
51 Al-Jahiz, Bayan, fol. 114b (quoted in Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 56).
52 Quoted in Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 127.
53 Al-Jahiz, Bayan, fol. 114b (quoted in Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 56).
54 Ad-Darimi, 77 (quoted in Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 133).
55 Al-Amali: The Dictations of Sheikh Al-Mufid, trans. Mulla Asgharali M. M. Jaffer (Middlesex, UK: World Federation of Khoja Shia
Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities, n.d.), 7.
56 Abu Abdullah Muhammad b. Yazid Ibn-i-Maja al-Qazwini, Sunan ibn-i-Majah, trans. Muhammad Tufail Ansari (Lahore: Kazi
Publications, 1996), vol. 5, no. 4067.
57 Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 140–41.
58 Schacht, Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, 166.
59 Ibid., 164.
60 Mohammad Mustafa Azami, Studies in Early Hadith Literature: With a Critical Edition of Some Early Texts, third edition (Oak
Brook, IL: American Trust Publications, 1992).
61 Harald Motzki, “The Musannaf of ‘Abd al-Razzaq al-San‘ani as a Source of Authentic ahadith of the First Century A.H.,” Journal
of Near Eastern Studies 50 (1991): 16–20 (quoted in Herbert Berg, The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam [London: Routledge,
2000], 37).
62 Motzki, “The Musannaf,” 2 (quoted in Berg, Development of Exegesis, 36).
63 Quoted in G. H. A. Juynboll, trans., “Muslim's Introduction to His Sahih Translated and Annotated with an Excursus on the Chronology
of fitna and bid‘a,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 5 (1984): 277 (quoted in Berg, Development of Exegesis, 7).
64 Berg, Development of Exegesis, 28.
65 For an excellent discussion of this, see Ibn Warraq's delightful imagined dialogue in The Quest for the Historical Muhammad, 38–43.
66 Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 6, book 66, no. 5032.
67 Goldziher, Muslim Studies, 62.
68 Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, 547.
Chapter 4: Switching On the Full Light of History
1 Alfred Guillaume, “Ibn Hisham's Notes,” in Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, 691.
2 Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, xxxvi.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid., xxxvii.
5 Ibid., xxxvii.
6 Ibid., xxxv.