robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)

Chapter 6: The Unchanging Qur'an Changes
1 Abdullah Yusuf Ali, The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an, 11th ed. (Beltsville, MD: Amana Publications, 2009).
2 M. Fethullah Gülen, Questions This Modern Age Puts to Islam (Izmir: Kaynak, 1993), 58.
3 Alphonse Mingana, “Three Ancient Korans,” in Ibn Warraq, The Origins of the Koran, 86.
4 Quoted in Ibn Warraq, Virgins?, 218.
5 Ibn Warraq, Virgins?, 234–39.
6 Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 6, book 65, no. 4592.
7 “Malik's Muwatta,” trans. ‘A’isha ‘Abdarahman at-Tarjumana and Ya’qub Johnson, book 15, no. 15.4.9, Center for Muslim-Jewish
Engagement, http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/muwatta/.
8 Ibn al-Athîr, Usûd Ulghâbah fî Ma'rifat Is-Sahâbah (Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1995), vol. 3, 154, http://www.islamicawareness.org/Quran/Sources/Sarh/.
9 Mingana, “Three Ancient Korans,” 102.
10 Muhammad Ghoniem and M. S. M. Saifullah, “Abdullah Ibn Sad Ibn Abi Sarh: Where Is the Truth?” Islamic Awareness,
http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Sources/Sarh/.
11 Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 6, book 66, no. 5038.
12 Ibid., no. 5032.
13 Ali, The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an.
14 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, book 4, no. 1787.
15 Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 6, book 66, no. 4992.
16 Ibid., no. 4991.
17 Ibn Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Masahif, 23, in John Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an, The Codification of the Qur'an Text: A Comprehensive
Study of the Original Collection of the Qur'an Text and the Early Surviving Qur'an Manuscripts (Mondeor, South Africa: MERCSA,
1989), http://www.answering-islam.org/Gilchrist/Jam/index.html.
18 As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, 525, in Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an.
19 Muhammad Ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, “Translation of Sahih Bukhari,” trans. M. Muhsin Khan, vol. 8, book 82, no. 816,
http://www.cmje.org/religious-texts/hadith/bukhari/082-sbt.php.
20 Arthur Jeffery, “Abu ‘Ubaid on the Verses Missing from the Koran,” in Ibn Warraq, The Origins of the Koran, 153.
21 As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, 524, in Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an.
22 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, 2:501, in Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an.
23 Ibid.; As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, 526, in Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an. The Musabihat are suras of the Qur'an that start with
the words Sabbaha (or _yusabbihu) lil-lahi ma fi-samawati wal-ard, which means “All that is in the heavens and on earth magnifies God;
He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.” They include suras 57, 59, 61, 62, and 64.
24 Claude Gilliot, “Reconsidering the Authorship of the Qur'an,” in Reynolds, The Qur'an in Its Historical Context, 92.
25 Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari, vol. 6, book 65, no. 4679.
26 Ibn Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Masahif, 11, in Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an.
27 As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an, 524, in Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an.
28 “Malik's Muwatta,” book 30, no. 30.3.17.
29 Muslim, book 8, no. 3422.
30 “Malik's Muwatta,” book 8, no. 8.8.26.
31 Richard Bell, “From Introduction to the Qur'an,” in Ibn Warraq, ed., What the Koran Really Says (Amherst, NY: Prometheus,
2002), 547.
32 Muhammad M. Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an, 1999). Language modernized.
33 Bell, “From Introduction to the Qur'an,” 547.