robert spencer-did muhammad exist__ an inquiry into islams obscure origins-intercollegiate studies institute (2012) (1)

Caetani, Prince Leone, 11
Cain, 148
Catholic Church, 5
Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy, 67
chain of transmitters (isnad), xvii, 81–82, 82–84, 90
child marriage, 112
Chosroes, Emperor, 207
Christianity, 35; Arabian conquerors and, 25–28; cross and, 47; dhimmitude and, 158–59; Dome of the Rock inscription and, 55; Eucharist and,
37–38; historical scrutiny and, 3–5, 9; jizya (poll tax) and, 27–28; monotheism of, 182, 207; origins of, 216; Qur'an and, 145; salvation and,
152; Trinitarian, 53, 179, 181, 207. See also Christian tradition
Christian theology, 56
Christian tradition, 22; Islamic theology and, 14; Islamic tradition and, 216; Qur'an and, 3, 13–14, 149, 166–67, 170–75, 175–81, 183–85, 195.
See also Christianity
Christmas, 183–85
Christology: Christian, 56; of the ecumenical councils, 207–8; Qur'an and, 179–80, 181; Trinitarian, 179
Church of Constantinople, 56, 179, 180
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 27
Clement of Rome, St., 179
coinage, 206, 209; Abd al-Malik and, 58–59; absence of image of sovereign on, xv; of Arabian conquerors, 42–43, 205; cross and, 44–45,
46–47; Islam, introduction of and, 58–59; Islamic confession of faith (shahada) on, xv; Muawiya and, xiv; muhammad and, 41–46;
Muhammad and, xiv; Yazid I and, xiv
confession of faith (shahada), xv, 19, 51, 52, 58
Constantine, Emperor, xiv, 33–34, 179, 207
Constantinople, xiv, 104, 204, 207
Cook, Michael, 9, 12
Council of Nicaea, 179
Crone, Patricia, 9, 12, 13, 14, 69–70, 92, 99, 105
cross, 206; coinage and inscriptions and, xiv, 44–45, 46–47; Islamic disdain for, 25–26, 37, 47, 49–50; Qur'an and, 25
Cyprus, xiv, 204
Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet (The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined) (Strauss), 4
David, 115, 152
death penalty, 113
dhimmitude, 27–28, 158–59
Dhul-Qarnayn, 157
diacritical marks, xv, 162–66, 167, 170, 185
Divino Afflante Spiritu (Pius XII), 5
divorce, 109, 112
Doctrina Jacobi, 20–23, 31, 209
Dome of the Rock inscription, 50–57, 69, 197; Jesus and, xv, 209–10; Muhammad and, xv, 52–53; Muslim, use of term and, 36; Qur'an and,
xv, 50–57, 200–201
Dual Nature of Islamic Fundamentalism, The (Jansen), xi
Ebonites, 179
ecumenical councils, 207–8
Edict of Milan, 179
Egypt, xiii, 32, 204
Eid ul-Adha, 30
Elias, 115
Elisha, 115