The Metaphysical Foundation of Buddhism and Modern Science

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32 Appendix 4. Albert Einstein. “Physics really began with the invention of mass, force, and an inertial system. These concepts are all free inventions. They led to the mechanical point of view. For the physicist of the early nineteenth century, the reality of our outer world consisted of particles with simple forces acting between them and depending only on the distance. He tried to retain as long as possible his belief that he would succeed in explaining All events in nature by these fundamental concepts of reality. The difficulties connected with the deflection of the magnetic needle, the difficulties connected with the structure of the ether, induced us to create a more subtle reality. The important invention of the electromagnetic field appears. A courageous scientific imagination was needed to realize fully that not the behaviour of bodies, but the behaviour of something between them, that is, the field, may be essential for ordering and understanding events”(…) “What impresses our senses as matter is really a great concentration of energy into a comparatively small space”(Albert Einstein / L. Infeld. (1938) The Evolution of Physics. London: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 257, 311-312 ). 32
33 7. Notes [1] See Appendix 1 for the term pratityasamutpada in Eastern and Western modes of thought. [2] Lindtner, C. Nagarjuniana: Studies in the writings and philosophy of Nagarjuna. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 2002. It is worth noting, however, that Tilmann Vetter has raised doubts about the authenticity of one of Nagarjuna's works in: On the Authenticity of the Ratnavali. Asiatische Studien XLVI, 1992. pp. 492-506. For two well-known translations of MMK see: Kalupahana, D. J. Mulamadhyamakakarika Nagarjuna: The philosophy of the middle way. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 1999; Garfield, J. L. The fundamental wisdom of the middle way: Nagarjuna's 'Mulamadhyamakakarika'. New York: Oxford University Press. 1996. [3] I use the expression 'body' synonymously with 'object' or 'particle' or 'field' or 'system' or 'entity'. [4] Cf. Webster's New World Dictionary, Second College Edition, The World Publishing Company, New York and Cleveland. 1968. p. 669 [5] See: Gadamer, H.-G.. Der Anfang des Wissens. Phillip Reclam jun. Stuttgart 1999, p.35. Cf. Davies, P.C.W. and Brown, J.R. The Ghost in the Atom. Cambridge, University Press, 1986. [6] Webster's New World Dictionary, Second College Edition, The World Publishing Company, New York and Cleveland. 1968. [7] Cf. Bohm, D. Wholeness and the implicate Order. London: Routledge Classics. 2000. 33
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Christian Thomas Kohl The Metaphysi
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1.Summary The key terms. 1. Key ter
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are two immaterial bodies which wer
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2. Nagarjuna Preliminary note We sh
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anything else (Descartes); is exist
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making and as working with informat
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that they are not to be found (MMK
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Chapter 1: Cause and effect. A high
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Chapter 8. Action and agent. Pictur
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Commentary: Without fire there can
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Chapter 13. A teenager and an aged
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Chapter 16: Bondage and liberation.
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Father and son. Description: The au
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3. Interpretation of MMK’s 25 cha
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4. Discussion of Nagarjuna’s work
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philosophy of the ancient Greeks wh
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It became evident that fundamental
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The double-slit experiment. (see pr
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Figure 1: In this Feynman diagram,
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centimeter) and are so weak that th
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little clouds we attempt to use met
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Nagarjuna's thought and the ideas o
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5. as something between bodies by A
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Appendix 3: Alfred North Whitehead:
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had its birth with Greeks; and amon
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epletion. With Aristotle and Epicur
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activities of the spirit of mankind
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its habitual ideas. It is a step by
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