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The Metaphysical Foundation of Buddhism and Modern Science

The Metaphysical Foundations of Buddhism and Modern Science: Nagarjuna and Alfred North Whitehead

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repeated, things spoken <strong>of</strong> have a determined being in abstraction from<br />

the occasion <strong>of</strong> experience which includes that act <strong>of</strong> speech.<br />

<strong>The</strong> difference <strong>of</strong> ancients <strong>and</strong> moderns is that the ancients asked what<br />

have we experienced, <strong>and</strong> the moderns asked what can we experience.<br />

But in both cases, they asked about things transcending the act <strong>of</strong><br />

experience which is the occasion <strong>of</strong> asking.<br />

Section V. <strong>The</strong> translation <strong>of</strong> Hume's question from "What do we<br />

experience' to What can we experience' makes all the difference, though<br />

in his 'Treatise' Hume makes the transition, time <strong>and</strong> again, without<br />

explicit comment. For modern epistemology the latter form <strong>of</strong> the<br />

question - with its substitution <strong>of</strong> can for do - is accompanied by the<br />

implicit presupposition <strong>of</strong> a method, namely that <strong>of</strong> placing ourselves in an<br />

introspective attitude <strong>of</strong> attention so as to determine the given<br />

components <strong>of</strong> experience in abstraction from our private way <strong>of</strong><br />

subjective reaction, by reflexion, conjecture, emotion, <strong>and</strong> purpose.<br />

In this attitude <strong>of</strong> strained attention, there can be no doubt as to the<br />

answer. <strong>The</strong> data are the patterns <strong>of</strong> sensa provided by the sense organs.<br />

This is the sensationalist doctrine <strong>of</strong> Locke <strong>and</strong> Hume. Later, Kant has<br />

interpreted the patterns as forms introduced by the mode <strong>of</strong> reception<br />

provided by the recipient. Here Kant introduces the Leibnizian notion <strong>of</strong><br />

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