The Metaphysical Foundation of Buddhism and Modern Science

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A solar storm. Something is happening between sun and earth. Picture: http://www.picalls.com/data/media/17/Solar_storm_1.jpg
3. Interpretation of MMK’s 25 chapters. In 25 out of 27 chapters, Nagarjuna emphasizes one central idea: bodies are neither together nor separated. The most important characteristic of bodies is their interdependence and the resultant, substancelessness, the impossibility of existing individually and independently. This is the meaning of pratityasamutpada and sunyata: bodies are without own being and are not independent of each other. Reality does not consist of single, isolated material or immaterial components. It is not the behaviour of independent bodies but the behaviour of something between them that is essential. Let us concentrate on the 25 chapters: a thing is not independent of its conditions, nor is it identical with them. A mover does not exist without the distance within which to move. The mover and the distance are not one. A viewer is not the same as the view, but a viewer without a view does not exist. There can be no cause without an effect, or an effect without a cause. The notion ‘cause’ has no meaning without the notion ‘effect’. Cause and effect are not one, but they cannot be separated into two independent notions either. Without a characteristic, we cannot speak of a characterization, and the other way round. How could there be a desirous one without desire? When there is no action there is no agent, neither exists per se. Without fire there can be nothing designated as fuel. The material or immaterial components of a twobody or three-body system do not exist in isolation, they are not one and yet they are not independent of each other. Something is happening between these bodies and because of this they are not substantially real. For two or sometimes three complementary bodies or for two concepts like cause and
Page 1 and 2: Christian Thomas Kohl The Metaphysi
Page 3 and 4: 1.Summary The key terms. 1. Key ter
Page 5 and 6: are two immaterial bodies which wer
Page 7 and 8: 2. Nagarjuna Preliminary note We sh
Page 9 and 10: anything else (Descartes); is exist
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Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1: Cause and effect. A high
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 8. Action and agent. Pictur
Page 20 and 21: Commentary: Without fire there can
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 13. A teenager and an aged
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 16: Bondage and liberation.
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Page 31 and 32: 4. Discussion of Nagarjuna’s work
Page 33 and 34: philosophy of the ancient Greeks wh
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Page 49 and 50: Appendix 3: Alfred North Whitehead:
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Alfred North Whitehead: Adventures
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3 with a sufficient scope of applic
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5 systematic thought has made progr
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7 But whether we be ancient or mode
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9 the self-development of the exper
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11 retreats others into a backgroun
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13 problems which have tortured Eur
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15 Section IX. European philosophy
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17 of stable technical language. Co
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19 particular fact on the earth's s
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21 'subjective form', is that I str
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The conventionalized abstractions p
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25 include as part of its own essen
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27 Philosophy is the ascent to the
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29 species. Thus its use as though
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31 not-being. It is how the past li
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33 7. Notes [1] See Appendix 1 for
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35 the components cannot exist with
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37 [28] Einstein, A. & Infeld, L. T
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39 Kalupahana, D. J. Mulamadhyamaka
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The Metaphysical Foundation of Buddhism and Modern Science

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