The Historiography of the Holocaust

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German or Nazi Antisemitism? 23 44 S. Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews, Vol. 1: The Years of Persecution, 1933–1939 (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997); see also D. Bankier, The Germans and the Final Solution: Public Opinion under Nazism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992). 45 I would like to thank Jacob Borut for bringing this event to my attention; it is referred to in E. Mais, Die Verfolgung der Juden in den Landkreisen Bad-Kreuznach und Birkenfeld 1933–1945 (Birkenfeld: Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Landkreis Bad Kreuznach, 1988), p. 328. 46 Herbert, ‘Extermination Policy’, p. 42.
2 Hitler and the Third Reich Jeremy Noakes Hitler and the rise to power Adolf Hitler had a greater impact on the history of the world in the twentieth century than any other political figure. 1 Yet his background was unimpressive. The son of a minor Austrian customs official, with a limited education, no qualifications or experience of government, and a foreigner, he nevertheless achieved the position of Führer, or leader, of Germany, one of the most economically developed and culturally sophisticated nations in the world. So how did he manage it? Was his success primarily the product of personal qualities? Was it the message he was preaching? Were the Germans peculiarly predisposed towards him or his message, and if so why? Was his success dependent more on the historical context in which he was operating? Or was it rather precisely due to a favourable conjuncture of the man, the message and the moment? These are the questions that have preoccupied historians since the 1930s. The most important personal qualities in Hitler’s rise to power were his sense of mission to convert the German people to his cause, his ability to convince others of that sense of mission through his oratorical skills, and his strength of will to see that mission through come what may. Historians have endeavoured to trace the source of his sense of mission and the ideas and values underlying his message to his youth in Austria. 2 His autobiography, Mein Kampf, provides some evidence, but as a source it suffers from the serious disadvantage of having been designed to project an image of him as a political leader and, in fact, some of the material on his early life is unreliable. 3 The most important original source on his youth is the account by his friend, August Kubizek, from whom we gather that even while still a teenager living in Linz, Hitler believed that he was destined for greatness, though at the time he imagined that his future lay in art or architecture. 4 However, according to Kubizek, by the time he was living in Vienna, Hitler had developed an ‘immense interest in politics’ 24
Page 1 and 2: The Historiography of the Holocaust
Page 3 and 4: Also by Dan Stone BREEDING SUPERMAN
Page 5 and 6: Introduction, editorial matter, sel
Page 7 and 8: vi Contents 13. The German Churches
Page 9 and 10: viii Notes on the Contributors Tim
Page 11 and 12: x Notes on the Contributors Histori
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Page 15 and 16: 2 Dan Stone of the past than has hi
Page 17 and 18: 4 Dan Stone non-official company hi
Page 19 and 20: 6 Dan Stone post-war European socie
Page 21 and 22: 8 Dan Stone I. Deák, J.T. Gross an
Page 23 and 24: 10 Oded Heilbronner policies of the
Page 25 and 26: 12 Oded Heilbronner Here, some rese
Page 27 and 28: 14 Oded Heilbronner whose worldview
Page 29 and 30: 16 Oded Heilbronner focus’ from t
Page 31 and 32: 18 Oded Heilbronner many sections w
Page 33 and 34: 20 Oded Heilbronner H. Poetzsch, An
Page 35: 22 Oded Heilbronner 29 See note 8 a
Page 39 and 40: 26 Jeremy Noakes Hitler entered pol
Page 41 and 42: 28 Jeremy Noakes issue for historia
Page 43 and 44: 30 Jeremy Noakes French intellectua
Page 45 and 46: 32 Jeremy Noakes accord Hitler litt
Page 47 and 48: 34 Jeremy Noakes Hitlers in 1969, 6
Page 49 and 50: 36 Jeremy Noakes followers. Kershaw
Page 51 and 52: 38 Jeremy Noakes could govern other
Page 53 and 54: 40 Jeremy Noakes stressed the signi
Page 55 and 56: 42 Jeremy Noakes for the regime and
Page 57 and 58: 44 Jeremy Noakes following any clea
Page 59 and 60: 46 Jeremy Noakes Fascist-Nazi Polit
Page 61 and 62: 48 Jeremy Noakes 48 E. Fraenkel, Th
Page 63 and 64: 50 Jeremy Noakes Radicalisation and
Page 65 and 66: 3 Expropriation and Expulsion Frank
Page 67 and 68: 54 Frank Bajohr nameless bank accou
Page 69 and 70: 56 Frank Bajohr state’. 17 Instea
Page 71 and 72: 58 Frank Bajohr finance the German
Page 73 and 74: 60 Frank Bajohr though these should
Page 75 and 76: 62 Frank Bajohr in their totality.
Page 77 and 78: 64 Frank Bajohr 26 G. Aly and C. Ge
Page 79 and 80: 66 Tim Cole the following year in J
Page 81 and 82: 68 Tim Cole Individual decisions in
Page 83 and 84: 70 Tim Cole post-war period. The wo
Page 85 and 86: 72 Tim Cole own destruction. They p
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74 Tim Cole Within such an approach
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76 Tim Cole was, Broszat argued,
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78 Tim Cole diseases, were unwillin
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80 Tim Cole and ideological reasons
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82 Tim Cole supervise convicts by p
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84 Tim Cole Notes 1 Cf., for exampl
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86 Tim Cole 60 Ibid., 346. 61 Ibid.
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5 War, Occupation and the Holocaust
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90 Dieter Pohl itself matters were
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92 Dieter Pohl exists on the role o
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94 Dieter Pohl gained new political
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96 Dieter Pohl inside (the post-war
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98 Dieter Pohl had been captured du
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100 Dieter Pohl and Majdanek, very
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102 Dieter Pohl decade. Tomasz Szar
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104 Dieter Pohl represented Polish
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106 Dieter Pohl Notes 1 Cf. Bibliog
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108 Dieter Pohl 28 Z. Mankowski, Mi
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110 Dieter Pohl 56 Cf. R. Hrabar, Z
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112 Dieter Pohl 81 K. Radziwonczyk,
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114 Dieter Pohl E. Kogon, H. Langbe
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116 Dieter Pohl Sicht der Täter un
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118 Dieter Pohl 151 Sharply critici
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6 Local Collaboration in the Holoca
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122 Martin Dean formations under Ge
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124 Martin Dean deep scars left on
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126 Martin Dean to take the lives o
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128 Martin Dean during the summer a
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130 Martin Dean one Jewish witness
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132 Martin Dean Jewish property rig
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134 Martin Dean and the development
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136 Martin Dean 18 See, for example
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138 Martin Dean Neue Studien zur na
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140 Martin Dean 77 See especially t
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142 Christopher Kobrak and Andrea H
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174 Christopher R. Browning that Na
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176 Christopher R. Browning Jäckel
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178 Christopher R. Browning Hitler
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180 Christopher R. Browning from th
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182 Christopher R. Browning Solutio
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184 Christopher R. Browning the sca
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186 Christopher R. Browning the nee
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188 Christopher R. Browning into th
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190 Christopher R. Browning Jews (s
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192 Christopher R. Browning Entschl
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194 Christopher R. Browning (Berlin
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196 Christopher R. Browning from Ki
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198 Jürgen Matthäus guilt, milita
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200 Jürgen Matthäus Cold War offe
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202 Jürgen Matthäus deviant trace
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204 Jürgen Matthäus bounds of the
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206 Jürgen Matthäus own way and n
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208 Jürgen Matthäus compliance fr
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210 Jürgen Matthäus perpetrators.
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212 Jürgen Matthäus for different
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214 Jürgen Matthäus by a Survivor
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10 The Topography of Genocide Andre
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218 Andrew Charlesworth So we are l
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220 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 2 Fi
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222 Andrew Charlesworth for killing
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224 Andrew Charlesworth a more like
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Figure 7 226
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228 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 8 th
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230 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 9 Fi
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232 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 12 I
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234 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 14 p
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236 Andrew Charlesworth gas vans wi
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238 Andrew Charlesworth The connect
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240 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 19 F
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242 Andrew Charlesworth The ghettos
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244 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 23 o
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246 Andrew Charlesworth Figure 25 F
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248 Andrew Charlesworth what alread
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250 Andrew Charlesworth have the po
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252 Andrew Charlesworth 51 Intervie
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254 Tony Kushner documentaries. 3 T
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256 Tony Kushner Perceptions more t
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258 Tony Kushner comes back to Euro
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260 Tony Kushner War. Morse’s boo
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262 Tony Kushner It is significant
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264 Tony Kushner In the twelve mont
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266 Tony Kushner policy of both the
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268 Tony Kushner the lives of 10,00
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270 Tony Kushner 3 The film was dir
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272 Tony Kushner Doomed Jews’, Su
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274 Tony Kushner 69 Laqueur, The Te
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12 The Holocaust and the Soviet Uni
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278 John Klier Germans desired such
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280 John Klier The Jewish Anti-Fasc
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282 John Klier Investigations of ma
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284 John Klier The ear that hears,
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286 John Klier assignment included
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288 John Klier a much larger catego
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290 John Klier the end of the 1950s
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292 John Klier co-opt the site by i
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294 John Klier forced him to refuse
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13 The German Churches and the Holo
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298 Robert P. Ericksen and Susannah
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320 Dan Michman survivors or whole
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322 Dan Michman Terms and definitio
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324 Dan Michman Jewish history of t
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326 Dan Michman Jewish Councils, by
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328 Dan Michman (the occupied Czech
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330 Dan Michman is often imprecise
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332 Dan Michman their retrospective
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334 Dan Michman a variety of religi
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336 Dan Michman governments and wor
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338 Dan Michman Destruction of the
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340 Dan Michman J. Michman and T. L
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342 Robert Rozett to their deaths
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344 Robert Rozett in the anthologie
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346 Robert Rozett agree that armed
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348 Robert Rozett Armed resistance:
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350 Robert Rozett in advance for th
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352 Robert Rozett head of the Jewis
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354 Robert Rozett the Nazis, the fo
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356 Robert Rozett were saving other
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358 Robert Rozett More recent writi
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360 Robert Rozett 5 S. Friedländer
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362 Robert Rozett 50 R. Rozett, ‘
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16 Gender and the Family Lisa Pine
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366 Lisa Pine the Holocaust were to
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368 Lisa Pine holes, using needles
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370 Lisa Pine the universal Holocau
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372 Lisa Pine which tend to homogen
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374 Lisa Pine playgrounds in the gh
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376 Lisa Pine In the ghettos, many
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378 Lisa Pine vestiges of morale th
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380 Lisa Pine 18 Ibid., p. 48. 19 M
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382 Lisa Pine 79 Dwork, Children wi
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384 Ian Hancock advantage of this a
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386 Ian Hancock the only other popu
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388 Ian Hancock has) come from a cr
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390 Ian Hancock impurity’. The Me
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392 Ian Hancock The 1997 figure rep
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394 Ian Hancock was issued by the P
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396 Ian Hancock 30 S. Milton, ‘Na
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398 Donald Bloxham chapter, however
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400 Donald Bloxham now ‘allowed
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402 Donald Bloxham ‘intentionalis
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404 Donald Bloxham and kapos, one o
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406 Donald Bloxham Change or contin
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408 Donald Bloxham infamous anti-Je
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410 Donald Bloxham trial because th
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412 Donald Bloxham the social revol
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414 Donald Bloxham any inherently m
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416 Donald Bloxham 3 Osiel, Mass At
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418 Donald Bloxham ‘The Wheels of
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19 The Holocaust under Communism Th
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422 Thomas C. Fox the left - German
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424 Thomas C. Fox the hundreds of t
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426 Thomas C. Fox Jewish Historical
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428 Thomas C. Fox emphasizing Polis
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430 Thomas C. Fox with East Germany
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432 Thomas C. Fox amount of publica
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434 Thomas C. Fox organizations (wh
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436 Thomas C. Fox international con
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438 Thomas C. Fox Notes 1 See L. Lu
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20 Antisemitism and Holocaust Denia
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442 Florin Lobont Concurrently, Tis
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444 Florin Lobont Perhaps nothing c
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446 Florin Lobont experience of ind
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448 Florin Lobont But it was not on
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450 Florin Lobont ‘Scientific’
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452 Florin Lobont Jews. Just like A
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454 Florin Lobont Slovakia offers n
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456 Florin Lobont Jews or Zionism f
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458 Florin Lobont is ascribed to hi
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460 Florin Lobont Boris III while i
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462 Florin Lobont Tito’s authorit
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464 Florin Lobont unlike in the int
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466 Florin Lobont “radical reviva
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468 Florin Lobont 72 Tismaneanu, Fa
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470 Josh Cohen strains of neo-Kanti
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472 Josh Cohen After Auschwitz, the
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474 Josh Cohen economics’, Israel
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476 Josh Cohen overcoming the Holoc
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478 Josh Cohen and morally unassail
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480 Josh Cohen not identify the poi
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482 Josh Cohen abstractly, in the f
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484 Josh Cohen religion must perpet
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486 Josh Cohen Editions L’Aube, 1
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488 Zoë Waxman providing snapshots
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490 Zoë Waxman a commitment to rep
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492 Zoë Waxman a record of Jewish
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494 Zoë Waxman the survivors. In a
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496 Zoë Waxman With the Kristallna
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498 Zoë Waxman told. He must deliv
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500 Zoë Waxman struggle for a piec
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502 Zoë Waxman A statement such as
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504 Zoë Waxman society. The Britis
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506 Zoë Waxman 40 Six million is t
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23 Memory, Memorials and Museums Da
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510 Dan Stone Europe, as well as th
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512 Dan Stone enormous, socialist-r
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514 Dan Stone Ben Zvi’s To the Ch
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516 Dan Stone Peter Eisenman’s me
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518 Dan Stone ever-accelerating pre
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520 Dan Stone imply costly demands
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522 Dan Stone two distinct phases:
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524 Dan Stone memorial day were eve
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526 Dan Stone 5 Fritzsche, ‘The C
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528 Dan Stone (Frankfurt am Main: C
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530 Dan Stone S.D. Lavine, eds., Ex
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532 Dan Stone 73 Freed, ‘The Unit
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534 A. Dirk Moses moral evaluation,
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536 A. Dirk Moses imperialism, Axis
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538 A. Dirk Moses It is important t
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540 A. Dirk Moses killing not inten
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542 A. Dirk Moses Committee Draft w
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544 A. Dirk Moses Genocide research
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546 A. Dirk Moses be taken seriousl
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548 A. Dirk Moses Donald Bloxham em
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550 A. Dirk Moses campaign for the
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552 A. Dirk Moses 32 Ibid., p. 79.
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554 A. Dirk Moses Group, 1974); K.
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Index Aalders, Gerald, 57 Abel, The
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558 Index Bibo, Istvan, 431, 432 Bi
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560 Index Danzig-Westpreußen, 92,
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562 Index Giurescu, Dinu C., 457 Gl
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564 Index Jabès, Edmond, 478 Jäck
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566 Index Macedonia, 460 Mackensen,
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568 Index Phelps, Reginald, 26 Pika
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570 Index Shalev-Gerz, Esther, 514
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572 Index Union of Jewish Communiti
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