String Theory and M-Theory

698 Bibliographic discussion
Maldacena, McAllister and Trivedi (2003) discussed the application to inflation.
Review articles on string cosmology include Linde (1999), Quevedo
(2002) and Danielsson (2005).
Chapter 11
The general relativity textbooks Wald (1984) and Carroll (2004) provide
useful background. Bekenstein (1973) proposed that the entropy of black
holes should be proportional to the area of the event horizon. The discovery
of black-hole radiation in Hawking (1975) confirmed previous indications
in Bardeen, Carter and Hawking (1973) of the thermodynamic behavior of
black holes. The information loss problem, which implies a possible breakdown
of quantum mechanics, was pointed out in Hawking (1976). A statistical
derivation of black-hole entropy using string theory techniques was
given first in Strominger and Vafa (1996). Review articles describing this
and other aspects of black holes in string theory are Sen (1998b), Maldacena
(1998a), Peet (2001) and Mathur (2006).
The attractor mechanism was introduced in Ferrara, Kallosh and Strominger
(1995). Our presentation follows Denef (2000). Black-ring solutions
were found in Emparan and Reall (2002). The conjecture relating microscopic
degeneracies to the topological string was proposed in Ooguri, Strominger
and Vafa (2004). The subject is reviewed in Pioline (2006). Our
discussion of microscopic black holes follows Dabholkar, Denef, Moore and
Pioline (2005).
Chapter 12
Black p-brane solutions were constructed in Horowitz and Strominger (1996).
Relevant reviews include Townsend (1996b), Duff (1996) and Stelle (1998).
Matrix theory was introduced in Banks, Fischler, Shenker and Susskind
(1997). The discrete light-cone quantization interpretation for finite N was
proposed in Susskind (1997). Reviews of matrix theory include Bigatti and
Susskind (1997), Taylor (1998), Banks (1998) and Bilal (1999). An explanation
of why Matrix theory is correct was given in Seiberg (1997) and
Sen (1998a). Matrix string theory was formulated in Dijkgraaf, Verlinde
and Verlinde (1997). Berenstein, Maldacena and Nastase (2002) gave a
generalization of matrix theory that describes M-theory in a plane-wave
background.
The large-N expansion of U(N) gauge theory was given in ’t Hooft (1974).
The AdS/CFT correspondence was spelled out in the landmark paper Mal-