Trinity

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TRINITY & OTHER DOCTRINES OF GOD: PROF. M. M. NINAN of love; and so submitting because their inspiring motive is one and the same, they are confirmed and strengthened by one and the same indwelling power, of which the force ever grows, so that it never ceases to stir. It was in virtue of this love that the Saviour coalesced with God, so as to admit of no divorce from Him, but for all ages to retain one and the same will and activity with Him, an activity perpetually at work in the manifestation of good." • "Wonder not that the Saviour had one will with God. For as nature manifests the substance of the many to subsist as one and the same, so the attitude of love produces in the many a unity and a sameness of will which is manifested by unity and sameness of approval and well-pleasingness." Possibly, the Paulicians of Armenia adhered to his teachings, and received their name from him. However, historical records show that the Paulicians were bitterly persecuted more for their gnostic and iconoclastic views than for their adherence to Adoptionism. Paul's pupil Lucian of Antioch is considered to have had a major influence on Arius the founder of Arianism. Paul’s monarchianist teachings aroused strong opposition in the church. He was also accused of corruption on a grand scale (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_of_Samosata) Spanish Adoptionism 8 th -9 th C Spanish Adoptionism was a theological position which was articulated in Umayyad and Christian-held regions of the Iberian peninsula in the 8th and 9th centuries. The proposition was Jesus was merely a prophet among others. The beleagured Christians of Moorish Spain accomodated the Arabs by accepting the Adoptionist Creed which denied the <strong>Trinity</strong> and claimed Christ as God’s adopted son. 31
TRINITY & OTHER DOCTRINES OF GOD: PROF. M. M. NINAN Early Christians considered Islam as a heresy of Christianity rather than a separate religion. Elipando (717 - 808?) Chief proponent of the 8th-century heresy of adoptionism in Spain; b. July 25, 717; d. after 800 (807?). He was appointed archbishop of Toledo c. 783. In condemning Migetius for sabellianism (Seville, c. 782), Elipandus himself became the author of the Spanish form of adoptionism, claiming that there are two distinct persons in Christ. Felix of Urgel, a contemporary and a subject of Charlemagne, introduced adoptionism into the southern part of Charles's kingdom. He is sometimes considered the author of adoptionism; but alcuin blames Elipandus (Patrologia Latina 101:231–300). beatus of liÉbana and Etherius, Bishop of Osma [Symbolum fidei Elipandianae (785); (Patrologia Latina 96:916–920], opposed Elipandus, and Pope adrian I condemned him. Bishop Elipando was one of the founders of the Adoptivi sect. Although he affirmed Catholic teaching that Jesus is true Son of God, eternally begotten from God the Father and thus of one divine nature with the Father. Spanish advocates predicated the term adoptivus of Christ only in respect to his humanity; once the divine Son of God "emptied himself" of divinity and "took the form of a servant" (Philippians 2:7), Christ's human nature was "adopted" as divine. "The Son of God himself, who by emptying himself, takes up adoption." The purpose of introducing the category of adoption was to make clear the right of Christ's humanity to the title "Son of God. Jesus, as the son of David, according to his human nature was the adopted rather than he being the natural son of God. Elipando's assertion seemed to suggest that Christ's human nature existed separately from His divine personhood. Thus, it seemed to be a nuanced form of Nestorianism and came to be known as Adoptionism. Elipando's teaching was condemned as heresy by the Councils of Ratisbon in 792 and of Frankfurt in 794. Another leading advocate of this Christology was Felix of Urgel. Bishop Felix of Urgel defended his views in the presence of Charlemagne at the Council of Regensburg (792) where he was induced to recant. Sent to Rome by Charlemagne, he was compelled to sign an orthodox confession which he subsequently repudiated. Alcuin* wrote extensively against him, opposing his use of the phrase “adopted son” with regard to Christ in His human nature. At the Council of Aix-la-Chapelle (798) Felix again acknowledged himself defeated, wrote a recantation, and called on the clergy of Urgel to follow his example. He was placed under the supervision of the archbishop of Lyons till his death. 12th century and later: Neo-Adoptionism A third wave was the revived form ("Neo-Adoptionism") of Peter Abelard in the 12th century. Later, various modified and qualified Adoptionist tenets emerged from some theologians in the 14th century. Duns Scotus (1300) and Durandus of Saint-Pourçain (1320) admit the term Filius adoptivus in a qualified sense. In more recent times the Jesuit Gabriel Vásquez, and the Lutheran divines Georgius Calixtus and Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch, have defended Adoptionism as essentially orthodox. 32
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Peter and Andrew: First Called Disc
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The Mystery of tefillin The Manduky
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Trinity

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