atw 2015-01

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atw Vol. 60 (2015) | Issue 1 ı January OPERATION AND NEW BUILD 14 Overview of PHARE Projects Implemented in Romania Between 1997 and 2008 for Enhancing the Nuclear Safety Level Radian Sanda, Benoit Zerger, Giustino Manna and Brian Farrar 1. Framework of PHARE programme and projects list Reconstruction of the economy of each member state is a major asset for the European Union (EU) global community. Since 1991, through the Poland Hungary Aid for Reconstruction of the Economy (PHARE) programme, the European Commission (EC) supported the transition of the Eastern European states to the European market economy. PHARE was a pre-accession financial assistance programme which involved countries from Central and Eastern Europe that applied to become members of the European Union. The programme helped to carry out the reforms required for membership and to equip the partner countries to benefit from EU funds on accession. Romania was the first country of post-communist Europe to have official relations with the European Community. It was included in the Community’s Generalized System of Preferences from 1974. After December 1989 when the Romanian Revolution occurred, successive Romanian Governments shared a common main goal to gain EU membership. After Hungary and Poland, Romania was the third Eastern European country to sign its Europe Agreement (1993) and submitted its official application for membership of the EU in 1995. During the 2000s, Romania implemented a large number of reforms to prepare for EU accession. Part of the costs was covered using the PHARE Programme. One of the fundamental priority areas of the PHARE funding was nuclear safety. Regarding this area, Romania, member of the EU since 1 st January 2007, received funds (more than 8 million euro) from the EC from 1998 in order to align its legislation and practices to the level of requirements imposed by the EU. Currently, Romania is operating two CANDU 6 type reactors located at Cernavodă site. A CANDU 6 type reactor is based on Canadian technology, and is a Pressurized Heavy Water moderated and cooled Reactor (PHWR). Romania is the only country which operates such type of reactors within the EU, and it is the only one within the Eastern European states operating only power reactors based on Western technology. In the period covered by this study, 16 PHARE projects were implemented in Romania (see Table 1). In general, these projects were aimed at improving the relevant institutional capabilities while dealing with nuclear safety issues. More specifically, the topics covered were: • Regulatory Activities (RA) (8 projects); • Radioactive Waste Management (RWM) (7 projects); • On-Site Assistance (OSA) – this means that direct support was given to the NPP in order to improve nuclear safety and to transfer the know-how of European power plant operators (1 project). 2. Projects related to regulatory activities The projects concerned mainly the national nuclear safety authority “Comisia Naţională pentru Controlul Activităţilor Nucleare” (the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN)) but also other specialized units and services within the Ministry of Administration and Interior, the Ministry of Environment and Waters Management, the Ministry of Education and Research or by another National Agencies. Figure 1 shows the implementation timeline of the PHARE projects related to RA. Enhancement of the regulatory regime There were three projects dealing with the Regulatory Regime Enhancement: RO/RA/01 and RO/RA/02 “Transfer of Western European Methodology to the Nuclear Safety Authority of Romania”, RO.01.10.01 “Nuclear Safety Regulatory Regime Consolidation” and 2005/017-519.03.03 “Development of CNCAN capabilities regarding the regulatory aspects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) related activities”. The first project was implemented in two phases, with a pause of more than 4 years between the phases. Both phases addressed the areas needing enhancement with the highest priority in the framework of the accession process and for which the transfer of Western European methods and practices was deemed to be most appropriate. The main objective of the project was to strengthen and enhance the effectiveness of the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority and to improve its competence and independent technical assessment capability. Other topics covered were: Quality Management System (QMS) within the CNCAN organization, CNCAN performance on inspection practice and emergency preparedness, assistance in elaboration/implementation of regulations/norms/guides in accordance with European legislation, Western practice and taking into account the IAEA requirements. The second project, “Nuclear Safety Regulatory Regime Consolidation”, continued the work carried out in the first project, and it was intended primarily to revise and develop a new set of regulations in line with the practices of the regulatory bodies who were members of the Consortium of Western Regulators (CWR) which undertook the project. In addition to the work carried out to improve the QMS, CNCAN was in the process of implementing the acquis communautaire related to the Council Directives 96/29/EURATOM and 97/43/EURATOM. During the project, assistance was provided for the revision of the final version of the regulations on radiation safety in the areas of radiotherapy, radio diagnosis, industry and nuclear medicine and the codes of practice for Dosimetry. In addition, the project resulted in the improvement of the norms regulating the safeguards and physical protection areas, and a new set of norms on radioactive waste management was developed, covering: the classification of the radioactive waste, the principles of radioactive waste management, clearance levels for radioactive waste and radioactive effluents and the authorization process of pre-treatment, Operation and New Build Overview of PHARE Projects Implemented in Romania Between 1997 and 2008 for Enhancing the Nuclear Safety Level ı Radian Sanda, Benoit Zerger, Giustino Manna and Brian Farrar
atw Vol. 60 (2015) | Issue 1 ı January Nr. Original Project Title Type of activity Project Code 1 2 Support for Regulatory Authority staff to improve its capabilities with the view of Probabilistic Safety Assessment Development of CNCAN capabilities regarding the regulatory aspects of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) related activities 2005/017-519.03.01 2005/017-519.03.03 3 Romanian Regulatory Emergency Response Center 5812.06.01 4 Early warning system – Cernavoda Regulatory Activities PH6.01/99 (Lot 1 and 2) 5 Nuclear Safety Regulatory Regime Consolidation RO.01.10.01 6 7 Support to the Romanian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (CNCAN) in the licensing review of Fire Protection, Overpressure Protection of Reactor Primary Circuit and Main Steam Line Design Safety Issues in Cernavoda 1 NPP Transfer of Western European Methodology to the Nuclear Safety Authority of Romania RO.01.10.02 8 Support to CNCAN – seismic evaluation – Cernavoda NPP RO/TS/01 9 Safety Assessment of the Radioactive X-Waste Repository of Baita Bihor RO/RA/01 and RO/RA/02 006-RO/PHARE-SCR/A6-01 OPERATION AND NEW BUILD 15 10 Preliminary Safety Analysis Report for the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Repository Baita Bihor, Romania 632.08.01 11 12 Up-Grading of the Baita-Bihor Repository for Institutional Radioactive Waste in Romania Technical assistance to Romania in establishing the activity of National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRAD) Radioactive Waste Management 5812.06.03 5812.06.02 13 Technical Basis and Methodological Approach for Waste Acceptance Criteria PH4.10/94 14 Management of Spent Sealed Radioactive Sources in Central and Eastern Europe SSRS/P01 15 Characterization of radioactive waste at Cernavoda NPP 5812.06.04 16 Modernisation Project for Cernavoda NPP2 – Environmental Impact Assessment On-Site Assistance 009-RO/PHARE-SCR/A6-C | | Tab. 1. PHARE projects implemented in Romania. | | Fig. 1. The timetable of PHARE projects related to Regulatory Authority. treatment, conditioning and packaging of radioactive waste. Last but not least, CNCAN staff was trained in various other areas such as: practical implementation of Quality Management requirements in the regulatory activities; specific procedures for issuing type approval in case of shipments; PHARE project management. The last PHARE project was also the shortest project implemented in support of RA. This project improved the CNCAN technical capabilities in the framework of radioactive waste management. In fact, this project assured the implementation in Romania of the Council Directive 96/29/EURATOM which required for the first time that workplaces in the non-nuclear industry also need to be subject to regulatory control if the presence of natural radiation sources, that can lead to a significant exposure of workers or members of the public, cannot be disregarded from the radiation protection point of view. Such workplaces are found in industries using or processing types of Operation and New Build Overview of PHARE Projects Implemented in Romania Between 1997 and 2008 for Enhancing the Nuclear Safety Level ı Radian Sanda, Benoit Zerger, Giustino Manna and Brian Farrar
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