Strategic Planning for Species Conservation: A Handbook - IUCN

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Strategic Planning for Species Conservation Box 7.3 Examples of Objectives and Objective Targets Example 1: Extract from the strategic plan for conservation of African wild dogs and cheetah in eastern Africa (IUCN/SSC in press) Objective: 4 Review and harmonize existing legislation, and, where necessary, develop new legislation, for conservation across cheetah and wild dog range at national and international levels. Objective Targets: 4.1 Gaps in information on positive and negative effects of hunting on cheetah and wild dog conservation which can assist in policy evaluation and development are identified within one to three years. 4.2 Information on the extent of illegal wildlife related activities within cheetah and wild dog ranges for relevant authorities to strengthen policy/law enforcement and quality tourism provided within one to three years. 4.3 Explicit information provided to the management authorities to support identification and prioritization of corridor and dispersal areas for improved connectivity of cheetah and wild dog ranges within one to three years. 4.4 A memorandum of understanding to co-ordinate eastern African country management and its enforcement relevant to cheetah and wild dog conservation developed within one to three years. Example 2: Extract from the Conservation Strategy for Wild Cattle and Buffaloes in Southeast Asia (IUCN/SSC in review) Objective: 1 Maintain and, where appropriate, expand the area of wild cattle and buffalo habitat, and increase the proportion of that habitat that is well managed, to ensure the viability and ecological functionality of wild cattle and buffalo populations. Objective Targets: Photo 7.3 Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya IUCN Photo Library © IUCN / Sue Mainka 1.1 Well managed protected areas with priority populations of wild cattle and buffaloes maintain, or where appropriate, improve, their management standards by 2013. 1.2 Appropriate management practices developed for other priority protected areas with wild cattle and buffaloes by 2013. 1.3 Appropriate management practices implemented for existing second priority protected areas with wild cattle and buffaloes by 2018. 1.4 Potential, currently unsecured, wild cattle and buffalo habitat assessed by 2018. 1.5 Unprotected habitat put under appropriate management by 2018 (and beyond). 55
7.5 Ensuring Objective Targets are “SMART” 56 7. Objectives Objective Targets should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound). The SMART acronym was introduced in Chapter 6, in relation to Goal Targets, but is equally applicable to Targets at the Objectives level. The components of the SMART acronym are as follows: • Specific Objective Targets should be defined in sufficient detail, and written in such a way, that (a) an explicit outcome is stated and (b) it is clear that action is needed to achieve this outcome. For example, the Strategic Plan for the Conservation of Asian Wild Cattle and Buffaloes (IUCN/SSC in review) includes an Objective Target requiring “Surveys using appropriate peer reviewed methods to measure population size and trend conducted in priority sites by 2018”. This Objective Target is specific in that it states clearly what needs to be achieved (surveys of population size and trends need to be completed), how (using appropriate peer-reviewed methods), and where (in priority sites – which in this case were identified in the Goal Targets). • Measurable Objective Targets should be measurable, so that it is clear when they have been met. In the example given above, the Objective Target is measurable since it will be apparent when the surveys have been completed. • Achievable Objectives Targets need to be achievable. If the Targets are too ambitious, then they are unlikely to be achieved, and people working towards them may lose motivation. In assessing whether or not an Objective Target is achievable, it may be helpful to consider whether others have achieved something similar in a similar timeframe. It is also helpful to ensure that there are no insurmountable obstacles to achieving the Target, such as civil unrest. In the example given above, the Objective Target is considered to be achievable because the surveys of population size and trend are restricted only to priority sites, not to all sites where the species occur. • Realistic An Objective Target may be achievable because it could be attained in principle, but not be realistic because there are insufficient resources (e.g., money, skills, or commitment) available, or there is no chance of obtaining them. • Time-bound Each Objective Target should specify the time within which (or the date by which) the Target should be reached. Setting a deadline creates a sense of urgency because there is a clear date by which the Objective Target should be met. It also makes the Objective Target measurable. As noted above, timelines can be used as a way of prioritising among Objective Targets, with shorter timelines given to Targets addressing more urgent threats (though timelines should not be so short as to make the Target unachievable or unrealistic). The timeline for each Objective Target should be less than, or equal to, the timescale for the SCS as a whole.
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