Strategic Planning for Species Conservation: A Handbook - IUCN

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9. Using a Species Conservation Strategy to develop national or local Action Plans This chapter discusses how the SCS process is also helpful for the preparation of national or local Action Plans. It argues that the Vision, Goals, Objectives, and Actions agreed by participants preparing the SCS can be readily adapted to the national or local level. The chapter re-emphasises the continued need for broad-based participation in conservation planning. It also provides some guidance on possible content and tools to be used in national action planning workshops. 9.1 Introduction Although species conservation requires planning at the range-wide or regional level, almost all conservation activities are conducted under the authority of national or local governments. This should present few problems when planning for the conservation of species restricted to the area covered by single government authority (usually a single range State). However, many species’ geographic ranges overlap areas administered by multiple authorities. For these species, it is essential that range-wide (or regional) SCSs can be readily translated into a number of Action Plans which can be implemented under the authority of particular governments. In most cases, this will entail developing national action plans; however in some cases it may be more appropriate to develop such Action Plans at the state or provincial level, or at the supra-national level. Fortunately, experience has shown that national Action Plans can be produced (or, where appropriate, updated) easily and quickly where range-wide or regional SCSs have been developed along the lines described in Chapters 5–8 (e.g., TAWIRI 2007, KWS in press, DWNP in prep). Indeed, serving as a template for national Action Plans is one of the most effective uses for a SCS. Not only does this approach encourage the development of national Action Plans, it should also ensure that the Action Plans developed by multiple range States within a region complement one another. This makes it more likely that the range-wide or regional Goals and Vision will be achieved and also facilitates a co-ordinated regional approach to implementation. Some examples of agendas for national workshops can be downloaded from the web at: http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/SCS/Ch9_ntl_wkshp_agenda_cheetwd_BOT.pdf (national workshop on cheetahs and wild dogs in Botswana) and http://intranet.iucn.org/ webfiles/doc/SSC/SCS/Ch9_ntl_wkshp_agenda_AWCB_VIE.pdf (national workshop on Asian wild cattle and buffaloes in Vietnam). 9.2 Participation If a range-wide or regional SCS is to be acceptable for use as a template to develop national Action Plans, it is essential that it be developed with participation from key stakeholders from each range State (particularly range State wildlife authorities). Such participation in the range-wide or regional process should ensure that the resulting SCS takes into account the species’ status in each range State, and also that it tackles key issues affecting species conservation in each range State. Participation also instils a sense of national ownership of the range-wide or regional SCS which is extremely important for fostering acceptance at the national level. 75
76 9. Developing national or local Action Plans At a range-wide or regional workshop, the number of participants from each range State will be constrained by the need to keep discussions manageable, as well as by limited space and resources. As described in Chapter 4, this means that participants need to be chosen carefully. At least some of the participants at range-wide or regional workshops should not only be able to ensure that issues relevant to their range State are incorporated into the SCS, but should also be recognised and trusted to do so by their national colleagues. While the former will ensure that the range-wide or regional SCS can serve as a template for a national Action Plan, the latter will help to encourage acceptance of this approach at the national level. Only a limited number of participants from each range State can be accommodated at range-wide or regional workshops (since it is difficult to ensure full participation by groups numbering more than about 40 participants, and often these must include delegates from multiple range States). However, this constraint is lifted, to some extent, at the national level. This means that many participants who could not be accommodated in a range-wide or regional workshop can (and should) be invited to national workshops. As for the rangewide or regional workshop(s), participants in national workshops should be those stakeholders most likely to be involved in implementing the national Action Plan, be that through habitat or population management, capacity development, research, policy development, fundraising, or other means. In practice, this means that participants will include representatives from wildlife authorities (often from both national and local levels), park managers, representatives of national and international NGOs, researchers, and others able to make a practical contribution to the development and implementation of the national Action Plan. The people who represented the range State at the range-wide or regional workshop are vital participants in the national workshop, since they are best placed to explain the range-wide or regional SCS to their compatriots. Figure 9.1 Participants in the Kenya national Action Planning workshop for cheetahs and African wild dogs, conducted immediately after the eastern Africa regional strategic planning workshop in February 2007 © R. Woodroffe Red circles indicate Kenya national participants, and green circles show observers from other range States.
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