the-web-application-hackers-handbook

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544 Chapter 13 n Attacking Users: Other Techniques TRY IT! http://mdsec.net/updates/8/ http://mdsec.net/updates/14/ http://mdsec.net/updates/18/ http://mdsec.net/updates/23/ http://mdsec.net/updates/48/ NOTE A related phenomenon, which is not quite the same as redirection, occurs when an application specifies the target URL for a frame using usercontrollable data. If you can construct a URL that causes content from an external URL to be loaded into a child frame, you can perform a fairly stealthy redirection-style attack. You can replace only part of an application’s existing interface with different content and leave the domain of the browser address bar unmodified. It is common to encounter situations in which user-controllable data is being used to form the target of a redirect but is being filtered or sanitized in some way by the application, usually in an attempt to block redirection attacks. In this situation, the application may or may not be vulnerable, and your next task should be to probe the defenses in place to determine whether they can be circumvented to perform arbitrary redirection. The two general types of defenses you may encounter are attempts to block absolute URLs and the addition of a specific absolute URL prefix. Blocking of Absolute URLs The application may check whether the user-supplied string starts with http:// and, if so, block the request. In this situation, the following tricks may succeed in causing a redirect to an external website (note the leading space at the beginning of the third line): HtTp://mdattacker.net %00http://mdattacker.net http://mdattacker.net //mdattacker.net %68%74%74%70%3a%2f%2fmdattacker.net %2568%2574%2574%2570%253a%252f%252fmdattacker.net https://mdattacker.net http:\\mdattacker.net http:///mdattacker.net Alternatively, the application may attempt to sanitize absolute URLs by removing http:// and any external domain specified. In this situation, any of the
Chapter 13 n Attacking Users: Other Techniques 545 preceding bypasses may be successful, and the following attacks should also be tested: http://http://mdattacker.net http://mdattacker.net/http://mdattacker.net hthttp://tp://mdattacker.net Sometimes, the application may verify that the user-supplied string either starts with or contains an absolute URL to its own domain name. In this situation, the following bypasses may be effective: http://mdsec.net.mdattacker.net http://mdattacker.net/?http://mdsec.net http://mdattacker.net/%23http://mdsec.net TRY IT! http://mdsec.net/updates/52/ http://mdsec.net/updates/57/ http://mdsec.net/updates/59/ http://mdsec.net/updates/66/ http://mdsec.net/updates/69/ Addition of an Absolute Prefix The application may form the target of the redirect by appending the usercontrollable string to an absolute URL prefix: GET /updates/72/?redir=/updates/update29.html HTTP/1.1 Host: mdsec.net HTTP/1.1 302 Object moved Location: http://mdsec.net/updates/update29.html In this situation, the application may or may not be vulnerable. If the prefix used consists of http:// and the application’s domain name but does not include a slash character after the domain name, it is vulnerable. For example, the URL: http://mdsec.net/updates/72/?redir=.mdattacker.net causes a redirect to: http://mdsec.net.mdattacker.net This URL is under the attacker’s control, assuming that he controls the DNS records for the domain mdattacker.net. However, if the absolute URL prefix includes a trailing slash, or a subdirectory on the server, the application probably is not vulnerable to a redirection attack
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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CHAPTER 5 Bypassing Client-Side Con
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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Chapter 8 n Attacking Access Contro
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288 Chapter 9 n Attacking Data Stor
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358 Chapter 10 n Attacking Back-End
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406 Chapter 11 n Attacking Applicat
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432 Chapter 12 n Attacking Users: C
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CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
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CHAPTER 19 Finding Vulnerabilities
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854 Index n A-A hacker’s methodol
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856 Index n B-B meaningful, 212 URL
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858 Index n C-C XSS, 450-451 “cha
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860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
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862 Index n F-F detecting hits, 574
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864 Index n H-H script injection, 8
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866 Index n J-J error messages, 388
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868 Index n M-O secret questions, 1
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870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
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872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
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874 Index n T-T signatures of commo
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876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
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878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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