the-web-application-hackers-handbook

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874 Index n T–T signatures of common vulnerabilities, 704–711 SQL injection, 705–706 XSS, 704–705 spidering REST URLs, 74–75 user-directed, 77–80 benefits, 77 hidden content discovery with, 81–83 web compared to, 79 web, 74–77 authentication, 76 integrated testing suites, 760–762 user-directed spidering compared to, 79 SQL. See Structured Query Language SQLMap, 322 sql-shell option, 330–331 SQLzoo.net, 292 SSL. See Secure Socket Layer stack overflows, 634–635 stack traces ASP.NET, 617 error messages, 617–618 standalone vulnerability scanners, 773–784 automated versus userdirected, 784 customized automation, 780–781 dangerous effects, 779 individuating functionality, 779–780 limitations, 776–777 products, 781–782 technical challenges, 778–781 authentication and session handling, 778–779 using, 783–784 vulnerabilities detected, 774–776 vulnerabilities undetected, 775 state information session management, 206–209 without sessions, 209 web functionality, 66 static resources access controls, 263–264 account testing, 277 file inclusion, 382 naming schemes, 87 static tokens, 240 statistical hypothesis testing, 219–222 status codes, HTTP, 48–49 enumerating identifiers, 574 storage. See web storage, cloud computing stored procedures databases, 339 hacker’s methodology, 831–832 stored XSS, 438–440 attacker steps, 438–439 delivering, 449–450 e-mail testing, 483–484 finding and exploiting, 481–487 MySpace, 442–443, 446 preventing, 492–496 HTML limitations, 495–496 input insertion, 495 input validation, 492–493 output validation, 493–495 reflected XSS compared to, 439–440 search function, 439 uploaded files testing, 484–487 Ajax, 486–487 GIFAR files, 485–486 string data dynamically constructed, script code bypassing filters, 466 manipulation, 316 SQL injection into, 298–299 string-length() function, 348 strncpy function, 642 strokejacking, 511. See also user interface redress attacks reverse, 560 Structured Query Language (SQL) client-side injection, 547–548 comments, 312 injection, 7, 14 advanced exploitation, 314–324 API methods, 291 application logic flaws, 420–422 blind, 626 bugs, 298–302 client-side, 547–548 column name, 301–302 conditional errors, 320–322 database code components, 741–742 defense in depth, 342 DELETE statements, 297–298 double hyphen, 293 error messages, 334–338 exploitation tools, 328–331 filter bypassing, 311–313 fingerprinting databases, 303–304 hacker’s methodology, 827–829 inference, 319–324 input validation circumvented, 312 INSERT statements, 295–296 JavaScript errors, 299 numeric data, 299–301, 315–316 ORDER BY clause, 301–302 out-of-band channel, 316–319 parameterized queries, 339–341 preventing, 27, 338–342 query structure, 301–302 second-order, 313–314 SELECT statements, 294–295 source code, 705–706 string data, 298–299 syntax, 332–334 time delays, 322–324 UNION operator, 304–308 UNION operator data extraction, 308–311 UPDATE statements, 296–297 URL encoding, 300–301 vulnerability exploitation, 292–294 web functionality, 55–56 structured tokens, 210–212 Stunnel, 789 SUBSTR(ING) functions, 324 suspension of account, 197–198 .swf files, 141 syntactic validation, 25 system log disclosure hacker’s methodology, session management, 817–818 session tokens, 237–239 vulnerabilities, 238 T tag brackets, HTML bypassing filters, 462–464 tag name, HTML bypassing filters, 460–461 scripttags, 457 Tamper Data, 772 TamperIE, 772–773 TCP protocol, HTTP using, 40 testing. See account testing; hacker’s methodology; hacker’s toolkit; statistical hypothesis testing third-party applications, 560–561
Index n U–U 875 301 Moved Permanently, 48 302 Found, 48 brute-force techniques, 84 304 Not Modified, 48 tiered architectures, 647 attacks, 648–654 categories, 648–649 component segregation, 655–656 defense in depth, 656 Java, 648 layers, 648 PHP, 653–654 securing, 654–656 subverting, 650–654 decryption algorithms, 650 local file inclusion executing commands, 652–654 MySQL extraction, 650–652 trust relationships, 649–650 access, 649 minimize, 654–655 time delays enumerating identifiers, 575–576 Oracle databases, 323–324 OS command injection, 363–364 SQL injection, 322–324 session token generation, 215–217 time of check, time of use flaw (TOCTOU flaw), 505 TOCTOU flaw. See time of check, time of use flaw tokens anti-CSRF, 508–509 XSS defeating, 510–511 authentication, 160 Burp Sequencer testing randomness of, 219–221 cloud computing attackers, 665 encrypting, 223–233 attackers, 232–233 Burp Intruder bit flipper, 228–231 CBC, 227–233 downloading, 231–232 ECB ciphers, 224–226 “reveal” encryption oracle, 232 generating strong, 248–249 hacker’s methodology, application mapping, sessions to, 818 hacker’s methodology, session management insecure transmission, 817 system log disclosure, 817–818 tested for meaning, 815–816 tested for predictability, 816–817 per-page, 252–253 session management algorithm generating, 249 attacker scripts, 217 client-side exposure to hijacking of, 243–244 concealed sequences, 213–215 eavesdroppers, 234 encrypting, 223–233 HTTP cookies for, 207–208, 234–236 HTTPS, 234–236, 250 life cycle protection, 250–253 login function, 539–540 meaningful, 210–212 network disclosure, 234–237 per-page, 252–253 predictable, 213–223 security, generation of, 210 server-side technologies, 105 strength, 248–249 system log disclosure, 237–239 transmitting, 538 URL transmission, 250 in URLs, 237–238 vulnerable mapping of, 240–241 weakness in generating, 210–233 weakness in handling, 233–248 XSS vulnerabilities, 243–244 shared analyzers, integrated testing suites, 767 SSL, 233 static, 240 structured, 210–212 time dependency, 215–217 weak random number generation, 218–219 weak random number quality testing, 219–223 TRACE functions, 43 transaction logic, 844 Trojan injection, XSS attack payloads, 444–445 trust relationships hacker’s methodology, application logic flaws, 844 tiered architectures access, 649 exploiting, 649–650 minimize, 654–655 XSS attack payloads exploiting, 446–447 try-catch blocks, 30 200 OK, 48 201 Created, 48 U UDFs. See user-defined functions UI redress attacks. See user interface redress attacks uid parameter, 584, 590 unhandled errors, 30–31 Unicode encoding, 67–68 Burp Intruder, 375 uniform resource identifier (URI), 44 open redirection vulnerabilities, absolute prefix, 545–546 uniform resource locator (URL) account activation, 184 application mapping, input entry points, 98–99 buffer overflow and length of, 639 bytecode, 140 encoding, 67 SQL injection, 300–301 truncating, 378 format, 44 HTTP requests, 40, 44 open redirection vulnerabilities, 542 absolute prefix, 545–546 blocking absolute, 544–545 parameters, client-side data transmission, 121–122 passwords recovery with timelimited, 174–175 redirection ASP.NET API methods, 723 Java API methods, 716 Perl language API methods, 738 PHP API methods, 731–732 REST, 44–45 spidering, 74–75 session tokens, 237–238, 250 translation attacks, 396–397 UNION operator Boolean conditions, 329 error messages, 306 NULL value, 306–307 Oracle databases, 307–308
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The Web Application Hacker’s Hand
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About the Authors Dafydd Stuttard i
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MDSec: The Authors’ Company Dafyd
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Acknowledgments We are indebted to
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Contents Introduction xxiii Chapter
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Contents xi Chapter 5 Bypassing Cli
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Contents xiii Testing Restrictions
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Contents xv Payloads for XSS Attack
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Contents xvii “Off-by-One” Vuln
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Contents xix Technical Challenges F
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Contents xxi 12 Miscellaneous Check
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xxiv Introduction attacker. If you
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xxvi Introduction Chapters 6, 7, an
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xxviii Introduction internal workin
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xxx Introduction If you want to foc
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xxxii Introduction web users that d
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CHAPTER 1 Web Application (In)secur
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Chapter 1 n Web Application (In)sec
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CHAPTER 3 Web Application Technolog
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CHAPTER 7 Attacking Session Managem
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CHAPTER 8 Attacking Access Controls
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CHAPTER 13 Attacking Users: Other T
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CHAPTER 16 Attacking Native Compile
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CHAPTER 19 Finding Vulnerabilities
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Page 896 and 897: 860 Index n D-D CSS. See Cascading
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Page 906 and 907: 870 Index n Q-R user input, 379-380
Page 908 and 909: 872 Index n S-S second-order XSS. S
Page 912 and 913: 876 Index n V-W provisos, 305-306 S
Page 914: 878 Index n X-Z WHERE clause DELETE
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